Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The main aim of the current study will be to find the optimal duration of supplementation to enhance sports performance.
Oral ingestion of nitrate (NO3-) in the form of both nitrate salts and beetroot juice has been shown to significantly lower blood pressure at rest and to also lower pulmonary oxygen uptake during exercise, in addition to improving exercise performance during cycle time trial. However, there has been no consensus on the optimal supplementation protocols, in terms of duration of supplementation to see these metabolic effects. Furthermore, a positive exercise performance effect of nitrate ingestion has primarily been observed in recreational athletes. The potentially ergogenic effects of nitrate in well-trained or elite athletes therefore remain to be fully established. Based on the gaps in current literature, our main goal will be to gain further insight into different aspects of nitrate supplementation to enhance (elite) sports performance. This will be investigated in this study by assessing the effect of an acute vs. chronic supplementation period of sodium nitrate (NaNO3-) on exercise performance.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium Nitrate | Active Comparator | Dietary Supplement: Sodium nitrate 800 mg of nitrate in sodium nitrate added with water to get a 140 mL solution (BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany) |
|
| Sodium Cloride | Placebo Comparator | Dietary Supplement: Sodium chloride 800 mg of sodium chloride added with water to get a 140 mL solution (Frisia Zout BV, Harlingen, The Netherlands) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium Nitrate | Dietary Supplement |
| ||
| Sodium Chloride |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time-trial exercise performance | The primary outcome measure will be the time to complete the time-trial following dietary nitrate or placebo ingestion | Time trial starts 4 hours after ingestion and ends on average after 15 minutes of cycling (depending on subject's cycling speed) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Resting blood pressure | Resting blood pressure measures following ingestion of dietary nitrate | 30 min pre-ingestion until 2.5 hours post-ingestion |
| Plasma nitrate and nitrite levels | Plasma nitrate and nitrite levels following ingestion of dietary nitrate |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics and fitness level assessment | Resting blood pressure, height, body weight, age, BMI, measures of GI tolerance, VO2 max, Wmax, rate of perceived exertion | 3 hours during visit 1 (Screening) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lex B Verdijk, PhD | Maastricht University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maastricht University Medical Centre+ | Maastricht | Limburg | 6200 MD | Netherlands | ||
| Maastricht University Medical Centre+ |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23640589 | Background | Wylie LJ, Kelly J, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, Skiba PF, Winyard PG, Jeukendrup AE, Vanhatalo A, Jones AM. Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013 Aug 1;115(3):325-36. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00372.2013. Epub 2013 May 2. | |
| 22248502 | Background |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C031618 | sodium nitrate |
| D012965 | Sodium Chloride |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002712 | Chlorides |
| D006851 | Hydrochloric Acid |
| D017606 | Chlorine Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| 30 min pre-ingestion until 30 min post-time-trial testing |
| Submaximal exercise performance | Oxygen consumption CO2 production and heart rate during submaximal exercise | starting from 3 hours post-ingestion on testing days until completion of the submaximal exercise |
| Time-trial exercise performance; power output and heart rate | Power output and heart rate during the time-trial exercise | starting from 4 hours post-ingestion on testing days until completion of the time-trial |
| Maastricht |
| Limburg |
| 6200MD |
| Netherlands |
| Cermak NM, Gibala MJ, van Loon LJ. Nitrate supplementation's improvement of 10-km time-trial performance in trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2012 Feb;22(1):64-71. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.22.1.64. |
| 22260513 | Background | Bescos R, Sureda A, Tur JA, Pons A. The effect of nitric-oxide-related supplements on human performance. Sports Med. 2012 Feb 1;42(2):99-117. doi: 10.2165/11596860-000000000-00000. |
| D017670 |
| Sodium Compounds |