Physical Activity and Obesity

Physical Activity and Obesity: The Role of Nitric Oxide and Eicosanoids in Regulating Capillary Perfusion and Vascular Insulin Resistance

The purpose of the study is to see if a twelve-week exercise intervention in overweight or obese subjects with pre-diabetes or early disease course type 2 diabetes can lead to improved skeletal muscle capillary blood flow by improving substances that dilate blood vessels and result in improved insulin sensitivity.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males and females ages 30-60 years of age
2. Overweight and Obese (28< BMI <45)
3. Confirmed pre-diabetic (5.7≤ HbA1c < 6.5)
4. Type 2 DM, Diagnosis 2 years or less, on no medications or metformin only, HbA1c ≤ 6.7

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Stage 3 chronic kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] < 60)
2. Obstructive Coronary artery disease
3. Congestive heart failure (ejection fraction < 55%)
4. Peripheral vascular disease,
5. Degenerative joint disease, musculoskeletal disease, or peripheral vascular disease that limits ability to exercise
6. Know hypersensitivity to Definity® ultrasound contrast agent
7. Intra-cardiac or pulmonary shunt
8. The use of antithrombotic agents or a severe bleeding diathesis due to risk of bleeding with intravenous and arterial line placement
9. Physical activity greater than three hours per week
10. Pregnancy