The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether clinical varicoceles are associated with abnormal semen parameters and whether varicocelectomy could improve the semen parameter in patients unrelated with infertility.

While most studies are continued to validate the observations of significant improvements in sperm density and motility after varicocele ligation in infertile patients, there have been few studies to investigate the effects of varicocelectomy on semen parameters in adult men unrelated with infertility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether varicocelectomy could improve the semen parameter of these patients as well as whether clinical varicoceles are associated with abnormal semen parameters in patients unrelated with infertility.

Inclusion Criteria:

• men with clinical varicoceles underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy due to causes other than infertility such as testicular pain, discomfort or scrotal mass

Exclusion Criteria:

• adolescents
• men with proven fertility or azoospermia
• men with preoperative normal sperm analysis
• available data to compare between preoperative and postoperative semen analyses

men with clinical varicoceles underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy due to causes other than infertility such as testicular pain, discomfort or scrotal mass