0.15 mg Spinal Morphine vs. no Treatment for Morphine Requirement After VATs.

The Comparison of 0.15 Milligram Spinal Morphine vs.no Treatment for Morphine Requirement After Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. A Pilot Randomized Control Study

Postoperative pain after Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VAT) is still debating. Therefore the investigators conduct a study comparing 0.15 mg spinal morphine and control group in term of analgesia.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 year or over
• Patient ASA physical status I-III.
• Scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy or blebectomy with pleurectomy or pleural abrasion
• Can operate a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known hypersensitivity to morphine
• History of bleeding tendency.
• Known case of infection at the back
• Patient refuse for spinal anesthesia
• History of cerebrovascular disease.
• Need mechanical ventilatory support during postoperative period