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The investigators hypothesize that the physiological effects of milk on satiety and glycemic control are mediated by the interaction between its macronutrient components by both insulin-dependent and independent mechanisms.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milk Fat | Dietary Supplement | |||
| Milk Protein | Dietary Supplement | |||
| Lactose | Dietary Supplement | |||
| Whole milk (3.25% M.F.( | Other | Commercially available milk from the grocery store | ||
| Simulated Milk Beverage | Dietary Supplement | Added lactose + fat + protein together to form a mixture |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose | 0-180 min |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin | 0-180 min |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal hormones and gastric emptying rate | Gatrointestinal hormones measured include plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin. Gastric emptying is assessed indirectly by adding 1.5 g of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to each beverage and measuring plasma paracetamol concentrations. | 0-180 min |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Toronto | Toronto | Ontario | M5S 3E2 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25167977 | Derived | Panahi S, El Khoury D, Kubant R, Akhavan T, Luhovyy BL, Goff HD, Anderson GH. Mechanism of action of whole milk and its components on glycemic control in healthy young men. J Nutr Biochem. 2014 Nov;25(11):1124-1131. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.07.002. Epub 2014 Jul 31. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008894 | Milk Proteins |
| D007785 | Lactose |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000080224 | Animal Proteins, Dietary |
| D004044 | Dietary Proteins |
| D011506 | Proteins |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
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| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D008892 | Milk |
| D003611 | Dairy Products |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
| D004187 | Disaccharides |
| D009844 | Oligosaccharides |
| D011134 | Polysaccharides |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D000073893 | Sugars |