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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Unilever R&D | INDUSTRY |
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This study involves measuring subject's blood lipid responses after they consume a mixture of dietary fats of marine and dairy origin and vitamin supplements mixed into a milkshake, on three separate days. The investigators hope to learn more about how different food ingredients influence the metabolism HDL in individuals with low blood levels of HDL cholesterol.
This study a partial randomized crossover study designed to determine how consumption of bioactive dietary ingredients in various combinations on three separate test days influences postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in participants with low circulating HDL-cholesterol.
The dietary ingredients include:
Dairy phospholipids(PC700); krill oil (K); lutein (L); and Niacin
Eligible participants will arrive to the University of California Davis (UC Davis), Ragle Human Nutrition Center on the morning of each test day after a 10-12-hr overnight fast. Upon arrival participants will fill out a questionnaire about their dietary and medication intakes and physical activity for the past 72 hours to ensure compliance. Compliant participants' weight and blood pressure will be measured and a fasting blood draw will be taken before participants consume their test meal in the form of a milkshake (control, PC700KL, PC700KL + Niacin). On each test day, participants will be given only this meal and provided with ample supply of bottled water.
Participants will only consume this test meal and water freely for the duration of the test day. Blood will be drawn serially at 2 and 4 hours postprandially. Participants will also be asked to provide 3 urine samples throughout the study: before and 2, and 4 hours after consumption of the milkshake. Participants will be tested on two additional separate test days after the first day separated by a two-week washout. The first two test days will be randomized, however the third test day will always contain niacin in order to require participants remain at Ragle for the first two hours of the study to monitor niacin flushing reactions. Participants have the option of participating in two out of three of the test days if they wish to exclude themselves from the niacin test day.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Shake | Placebo Comparator | Each shake delivers 30% of each participant's calculated energy expenditure and provides 45% energy as fat, 40% energy as carbohydrate and 15% energy as protein. The shake contains whipping cream, frozen fruit, glucose polymer, and protein powder. |
|
| PC700, Krill Oil, and Lutein | Active Comparator | Each shake delivers 30% of each participant's calculated energy expenditure and provides 45% energy as fat, 40% energy as carbohydrate and 15% energy as protein. The shake contains whipping cream, frozen fruit, glucose polymer, and protein powder. Fifty percent of the fat is made up of PC700. Additionally, 3.0g Krill oil and 40mg of lutein capsules are swallowed with water. Neptune Krill Oil capsules (Nutrigold); Lutein capsules (Jarrow Formulas); PC700 = dairy lipids (Fonterra brand) |
|
| PC700, Krill Oil, Lutein, and Niacin | Active Comparator | Each shake delivers 30% of each participant's calculated energy expenditure and provides 45% energy as fat, 40% energy as carbohydrate and 15% energy as protein. The shake contains whipping cream, frozen fruit, glucose polymer, and protein powder. Fifty percent of the fat is made up of PC700. Additionally, 3.0g Krill oil and 40mg of lutein capsules are swallowed with water. Nicotinic acid was added to each shake prior to consumption at a doses 5mg/kg of body weight. Neptune Krill Oil capsules (Nutrigold); Lutein capsules (Jarrow Formulas); PC700 (Fonterra); Nicotinic acid (Natures Way) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Krill Oil | Dietary Supplement | Neptune Krill Oil Gold |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma lipoprotein profile | Plasma lipoprotein size distribution and concentration will be measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) | 0, 2, 4 hour postprandial |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma HDL proteome | HDL particles isolated by ultracentrifugation will be characterized for their proteomics profile measured by mass spectrometry. | 0, 2, 4 hours postprandial |
| Urinary metabolomics |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jennifer T Smilowitz, PhD | University of California, Davis | Principal Investigator |
| J. Bruce German, PhD | University of California, Davis | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UC Davis, Ragle Human Nutrition Center | Davis | California | 95616 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19713204 | Background | Dalbeth N, Gracey E, Pool B, Callon K, McQueen FM, Cornish J, MacGibbon A, Palmano K. Identification of dairy fractions with anti-inflammatory properties in models of acute gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Apr;69(4):766-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.113290. Epub 2009 Aug 26. | |
| 21524510 | Background | Snow DR, Ward RE, Olsen A, Jimenez-Flores R, Hintze KJ. Membrane-rich milk fat diet provides protection against gastrointestinal leakiness in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide. J Dairy Sci. 2011 May;94(5):2201-12. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3886. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| More information about the research is available on the UC Davis Foods for Health Institute's website | View source |
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| Lutein | Dietary Supplement | Jarrow Formulas |
|
| Nicotinic acid | Dietary Supplement | Natures Way |
|
| Dairy phospholipids | Dietary Supplement | PC700 manufactured by Fonterra |
|
| Control | Other | Control shake without dietary supplements |
|
Urinary metabolites will be measured by NMR spectroscopy.
| 0, 2, 4 hours |
| Red blood cell functionality | Red blood cells isolated from whole blood will be measured for sheer stress using an in-vitro microfluidic assay. | 0, 2, 4 hours postprandially |
| 15531663 | Background | Mozaffarian D, Rimm EB, Herrington DM. Dietary fats, carbohydrate, and progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Nov;80(5):1175-84. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/80.5.1175. |
| 12792657 | Background | Tholstrup T, Vessby B, Sandstrom B. Difference in effect of myristic and stearic acid on plasma HDL cholesterol within 24 h in young men. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jun;57(6):735-42. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601605. |
| 15656713 | Background | Bunea R, El Farrah K, Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the clinical course of hyperlipidemia. Altern Med Rev. 2004 Dec;9(4):420-8. |
| 15640510 | Background | Ribaya-Mercado JD, Blumberg JB. Lutein and zeaxanthin and their potential roles in disease prevention. J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Dec;23(6 Suppl):567S-587S. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719427. |
| 12947433 | Background | Kiokias S, Gordon MH. Dietary supplementation with a natural carotenoid mixture decreases oxidative stress. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;57(9):1135-40. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601655. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050171 | Dyslipidemias |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052439 | Lipid Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014975 | Lutein |
| D009525 | Niacin |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D024341 | Xanthophylls |
| D002338 | Carotenoids |
| D011090 | Polyenes |
| D000475 | Alkenes |
| D006839 | Hydrocarbons, Acyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D053138 | Cyclohexenes |
| D003510 | Cyclohexanes |
| D003516 | Cycloparaffins |
| D006840 | Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D013729 | Terpenes |
| D010860 | Pigments, Biological |
| D001685 | Biological Factors |
| D009539 | Nicotinic Acids |
| D000147 | Acids, Heterocyclic |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D011725 | Pyridines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
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