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β-blockers (BBs) with different pharmacological properties may have heterogeneous effects on sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) and central aortic pressure (CAP), which are independent cardiovascular factors for hypertension. Hence, we analyzed the effects of bisoprolol and atenolol on SNA and CAP in hypertensive patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| bisoprolol | Experimental | initially received 5 mg of bisoprolol (Concor®, Merck Serono, Darmstadt, Germany) once daily. The heart rate was assessed every two weeks. If the RHR was ≤65 bpm, a 2-week maintenance treatment was added during the final visit. If the target RHR was not achieved, the dose was changed as recommended in the study protocol. The maximal dose was 10 mg Qd for bisoprolol. The longest treatment period was 8 weeks. If the patient's RHR did not reach below 65 bpm at week 6, the treatment was ended at week 8. |
|
| atenolol | Active Comparator | initially received 50 mg atenolol (Beijing Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Beijing, China) once daily. The heart rate was assessed every two weeks. If the RHR was ≤65 bpm, a 2-week maintenance treatment was added during the final visit. If the target RHR was not achieved, the dose was changed as recommended in the study protocol. The maximal dose was 100 mg Qd for atenolol. The longest treatment period was 8 weeks. If the patient's RHR did not reach below 65 bpm at week 6, the treatment was ended at week 8. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bisoprolol | Drug |
| ||
| atenolol |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| baroreflex sensitivity | After 2-week maintenance treatment when the RHR was ≤65 bpm or at 8-week final visit | 4~8 weeks |
| central aortic pressure | After 2-week maintenance treatment when the RHR was ≤65 bpm or at 8-week final visit | 4~8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| heart rate variability | After 2-week maintenance treatment when the RHR was ≤65 bpm or at 8-week final visit | 4~8 weeks |
| peripheral blood pressure | After 2-week maintenance treatment when the RHR was ≤65 bpm or at 8-week final visit |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine | Shanghai | Shanghai Municipality | 200025 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24039738 | Derived | Zhou WJ, Wang RY, Li Y, Chen DR, Chen EZ, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. A randomized controlled study on the effects of bisoprolol and atenolol on sympathetic nervous activity and central aortic pressure in patients with essential hypertension. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 10;8(9):e72102. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072102. eCollection 2013. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017298 | Bisoprolol |
| D001262 | Atenolol |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050198 | Phenoxypropanolamines |
| D011412 | Propanolamines |
| D000605 | Amino Alcohols |
| D000438 | Alcohols |
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|
| 4-8 weeks |
| Number of Participants with Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability | After 2-week maintenance treatment when the RHR was ≤65 bpm or at 8-week final visit | 4-8 weeks |
| D009930 |
| Organic Chemicals |
| D020005 | Propanols |
| D000588 | Amines |