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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Merck Ltd. | INDUSTRY |
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Antihypertensive drugs aim to reduce blood pressure (BP) either through decrease of the total peripheral resistance through vasodilatation at the level of arterioles (microcirculation) or by decreasing the cardiac output through reduction of the stroke volume or heart rate or both. On the other hand, all antihypertensive drugs might potentially decrease arterial stiffness passively with the reduction of the distending pressure or with the resynchronization of the reflected pressure wave. With theses potential mechanisms, it is also expected that these drugs might exert a favorable effect on pulse pressure amplification between central and peripheral arteries.
However, there is solid evidence that the widely applied antihypertensive drugs have differential effect on brachial and central BP. Several reports in the past have confirmed the potential hypothesis that beta blockers decrease central BP less than the observed reduction at the level of the brachial artery. It has been hypothesized that deceleration of heart rate and the re synchronizing the reflected pressure wave earlier in the systolic phase seems to be the leading cause of non-favorable effect of beta blockers on central BP, these effects might be partially counterbalanced in beta blockers with high beta-1 selectivity resulting in less peripheral vasoconstriction properties.
Central pulse pressure is a better predictor of left ventricular mass and carotid intima thickness, and the conventional peripheral BP does not seem to be an accurate reflection of central arterial BP. The pulse pressure amplification between peripheral and central arteries reflects the left ventricular afterload, subendothelial viability, and the intensity of cyclic stress imposed to the renal and cerebral micro- and macro vessels. As central hemodynamic parameters are independently associated with organ damage and are closely related to important cardiovascular outcome, it is suggested that the new clinical trials on antihypertensive drug treatment should compare simultaneously the chronic effect of drugs on both peripheral and central BP.
OBJECTIVES
Primary objective:
Secondary objectives:
The present study will be approximately of 14 weeks duration comprising of 1 week screening, followed by a 12 weeks treatment period and a 2 weeks post study follow up contact conducted via telephone to monitor additional serious adverse experiences.
There will be 4 scheduled visits (at Day -7, Day 0, Week 4 and Week 12). After screening period in which eligibility criteria were confirmed, subjects with hypertension will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive treatment with either bisoprolol or atenolol. Hemodynamic measurements will be made at baseline, Week 4, Week 12 and biochemical measurements will be made at baseline (Day 0) and at Week 12.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bisoprolol | Experimental |
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| Atenolol | Active Comparator |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bisoprolol | Drug | Bisoprolol tablet will be administered orally at a dose of 5 milligram (mg) once daily in the morning for 12 weeks. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Aortic Pulse Pressure (APP) in Intention to Treat (ITT) Population at Week 12 | The APP was calculated as aortic systolic pressure minus aortic diastolic pressure. The change in APP at Week 12 was calculated as APP at Week 12 minus APP at baseline. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change From Baseline in Aortic Pulse Pressure (APP) in Per Protocol (PP) Population at Week 12 | The APP was calculated as aortic systolic pressure minus aortic diastolic pressure. The change in APP at Week 12 was calculated as APP at Week 12 minus APP at baseline. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change From Baseline in Aortic Blood Pressure (BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 | The change in aortic BP (aortic systolic blood pressure [SBP], aortic diastolic blood pressure [DBP] and aortic mean blood pressure [BP]) at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as aortic BP (aortic SBP, aortic DBP and aortic mean BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 minus aortic BP (aortic SBP, aortic DBP and aortic mean BP) at baseline. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Medical Responsible | Merck Ltd., Korea, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severance Hosptial, 250, Seongsanno, Seodaemungu | Seoul | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23385648 | Derived | Park S, Rhee MY, Lee SY, Park SW, Jeon D, Kim BW, Kwan J, Choi D. A prospective, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, clinical trial to assess central haemodynamic effects of bisoprolol and atenolol in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens. 2013 Apr;31(4):813-9. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32835e8f5b. |
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A total of 228 participants were screened for the study, out of which 19 were screen failures and 209 participants received the study medication.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Bisoprolol | Single dose of bisoprolol tablet (CONCOR®) administered orally at a dose of 5 milligram (mg) daily every morning for 12 weeks. |
| FG001 | Atenolol | Single dose of atenolol tablet (TENORMIN®) administered orally at a dose of 50 mg daily every morning for 12 weeks. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| Atenolol | Drug | Atenolol tablet will be administered orally at a dose of 50 mg once daily in the morning for 12 weeks. |
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| Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
| Change From Baseline in Aortic Augmentation Index (AIx) at Week 4 and Week 12 | Augmentation index is a composite measure of wave reflection and systemic arterial stiffness which was calculated as the difference between the second and first systolic peaks. The change in AIx at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as AIx at Week 4 and Week 12 minus AIx at baseline. | Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
| Change From Baseline in Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) at Week 4 and Week 12 | Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is used as a measure of arterial stiffness, which is a measure of the cushioning functioning of major vessels like the aorta. The velocity of the Pulse wave (PW) along an artery is dependent on the stiffness of that artery. The change in cfPWV at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as cfPWV at Week 4 and Week 12 minus cfPWV at baseline. | Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
| Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 4 and Week 12 | The change in heart rate at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as heart rate at Week 4 and Week 12 minus heart rate at baseline. | Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
| Change From Baseline in Aortic Pulse Pressure (APP) at Week 4 | The APP was calculated as aortic systolic pressure minus aortic diastolic pressure. The change in APP at Week 4 was calculated as APP at Week 4 minus APP at baseline. | Baseline and Week 4 |
| Change From Baseline in Lipid Levels at Week 12 | The lipid levels evaluated were total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol blood concentrations. The change in lipid levels at Week 12 was calculated as lipid levels at Week 12 minus lipid levels at baseline. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change From Baseline in Blood Glucose Levels at Week 12 | The change in blood glucose level at Week 12 was calculated as blood glucose level at Week 12 minus blood glucose level at baseline. | Baseline and Week 12 |
| Change From Baseline in Brachial Blood Pressure (BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 | The change in brachial BP (brachial SBP, brachial DBP and brachial mean BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as brachial BP (brachial SBP, brachial DBP and brachial mean BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 minus brachial BP (brachial SBP, brachial DBP and brachial mean BP) at baseline. | Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
| Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) | An adverse event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in the form of signs, symptoms, abnormal laboratory findings, or diseases that emerges or worsens relative to baseline during a clinical study with an Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP), regardless of causal relationship and even if no IMP has been administered. | Baseline up to Week 14 (follow-up visit) |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Bisoprolol | Single dose of bisoprolol tablet (CONCOR®) administered orally at a dose of 5 milligram (mg) daily every morning for 12 weeks. |
| BG001 | Atenolol | Single dose of atenolol tablet (TENORMIN®) administered orally at a dose of 50 mg daily every morning for 12 weeks. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
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| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | Years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Change From Baseline in Aortic Pulse Pressure (APP) in Intention to Treat (ITT) Population at Week 12 | The APP was calculated as aortic systolic pressure minus aortic diastolic pressure. The change in APP at Week 12 was calculated as APP at Week 12 minus APP at baseline. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. "n" signifies those participants who were evaluated for this measure at the specified time point. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Millimeter of mercury (mmHg) | Baseline and Week 12 |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Aortic Blood Pressure (BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 | The change in aortic BP (aortic systolic blood pressure [SBP], aortic diastolic blood pressure [DBP] and aortic mean blood pressure [BP]) at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as aortic BP (aortic SBP, aortic DBP and aortic mean BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 minus aortic BP (aortic SBP, aortic DBP and aortic mean BP) at baseline. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. "n" signifies those participants who were evaluated for this measure at the specified time point. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Aortic Augmentation Index (AIx) at Week 4 and Week 12 | Augmentation index is a composite measure of wave reflection and systemic arterial stiffness which was calculated as the difference between the second and first systolic peaks. The change in AIx at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as AIx at Week 4 and Week 12 minus AIx at baseline. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. "n" signifies those participants who were evaluated for this measure at the specified time point. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Ratio | Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) at Week 4 and Week 12 | Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is used as a measure of arterial stiffness, which is a measure of the cushioning functioning of major vessels like the aorta. The velocity of the Pulse wave (PW) along an artery is dependent on the stiffness of that artery. The change in cfPWV at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as cfPWV at Week 4 and Week 12 minus cfPWV at baseline. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. "n" signifies those participants who were evaluated for this measure at the specified time point. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Meters per second (m/s) | Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Week 4 and Week 12 | The change in heart rate at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as heart rate at Week 4 and Week 12 minus heart rate at baseline. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. "n" signifies those participants who were evaluated for this measure at the specified time point. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Beats per minute (bpm) | Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Aortic Pulse Pressure (APP) at Week 4 | The APP was calculated as aortic systolic pressure minus aortic diastolic pressure. The change in APP at Week 4 was calculated as APP at Week 4 minus APP at baseline. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | Baseline and Week 4 |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Lipid Levels at Week 12 | The lipid levels evaluated were total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol blood concentrations. The change in lipid levels at Week 12 was calculated as lipid levels at Week 12 minus lipid levels at baseline. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Milligram/decilitre (mg/dL) | Baseline and Week 12 |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Blood Glucose Levels at Week 12 | The change in blood glucose level at Week 12 was calculated as blood glucose level at Week 12 minus blood glucose level at baseline. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Millimoles per liter (mmol/L) | Baseline and Week 12 |
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| Secondary | Change From Baseline in Brachial Blood Pressure (BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 | The change in brachial BP (brachial SBP, brachial DBP and brachial mean BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 was calculated as brachial BP (brachial SBP, brachial DBP and brachial mean BP) at Week 4 and Week 12 minus brachial BP (brachial SBP, brachial DBP and brachial mean BP) at baseline. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. "n" signifies those participants who were evaluated for this measure at the specified time point. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | Baseline, Week 4 and Week 12 |
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| Secondary | Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) | An adverse event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in the form of signs, symptoms, abnormal laboratory findings, or diseases that emerges or worsens relative to baseline during a clinical study with an Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP), regardless of causal relationship and even if no IMP has been administered. | ITT population included all participants who had received at least 1 dose of the study medication or comparator and at least 1 post-dose measurement of aortic pulse pressure. | Posted | Number | Participants | Baseline up to Week 14 (follow-up visit) |
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| Primary | Change From Baseline in Aortic Pulse Pressure (APP) in Per Protocol (PP) Population at Week 12 | The APP was calculated as aortic systolic pressure minus aortic diastolic pressure. The change in APP at Week 12 was calculated as APP at Week 12 minus APP at baseline. | Per protocol (PP) population included those participants for whom primary and secondary efficacy endpoints were all measured, and who did not meet the withdrawal criteria and showed 75 percent of medication compliance. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | Baseline and Week 12 |
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Baseline up to Week 14 (follow-up visit)
An adverse event (AE) was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in the form of signs, symptoms, abnormal laboratory findings, or diseases that emerges or worsens relative to baseline during a clinical study with an Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP), regardless of causal relationship and even if no IMP has been administered.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Bisoprolol | Single dose of bisoprolol tablet (CONCOR®) administered orally at a dose of 5 milligram (mg) daily every morning for 12 weeks. | 7 | 105 | 29 | 105 | ||
| EG001 | Atenolol | Single dose of atenolol tablet (TENORMIN®) administered orally at a dose of 50 mg daily every morning for 12 weeks. | 3 | 104 | 29 | 104 |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concussion | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Musculoskeletal disorder | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Tendon rupture | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Uterine carcinoma | Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Coronary artery disorder | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Abdominal pain | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Diarrhoea | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Headache aggravated | Nervous system disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Dizziness aggravated | Nervous system disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallbladder disorder | Hepatobiliary disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Liver fatty | Hepatobiliary disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Cramps | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Arthralgia aggravated | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Myalgia | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Pain neck/shoulder | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Cartilage damage | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Back pain aggravated | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Hyperlipaemia | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Hypercholesterolaemia | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Diabetes mellitus | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Common cold | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Bronchitis | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Herpes zoster | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Cystitis | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Tinea | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Upper respiratory tract infection | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Otitis media | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Impotence | Reproductive system and breast disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Dry eyes | Eye disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Uterine fibromyoma | Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| AV block first degree | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Sinus bradycardia | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Bradyarrhythmia | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Cardiomegaly | Cardiac disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Bladder irritability | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Ureteral calculus | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Heartburn | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Constipation | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Abdominal distension | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Dyspepsia | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Anorexia | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Duodenitis | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Nausea | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Polyposis gastric | Gastrointestinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Anaemia | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Chest tightness of | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Chest discomfort | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Chest pressure sensation of | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Chest pain | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Oedema | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Pain groin | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Face oedema | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Hot flushes | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Pain in limb | General disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Insomnia | Psychiatric disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Libido decreased | Psychiatric disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Sleepiness | Psychiatric disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Paraesthesia | Nervous system disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Eyelid fluttering | Nervous system disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Headache | Nervous system disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Headache aggravated | Nervous system disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Radiculopathy cervical | Nervous system disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Dizziness | Nervous system disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Itching | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Sweating increased | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Dermatitis allergic | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Skin cysts | Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Rhinitis allergic atopic | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | WHO-ART (Ver. 092) | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merck KGaA Communication Center | Merck Serono, a division of Merck KGaA | +49-6151-72-5200 | service@merckgroup.com |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017298 | Bisoprolol |
| D001262 | Atenolol |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050198 | Phenoxypropanolamines |
| D011412 | Propanolamines |
| D000605 | Amino Alcohols |
| D000438 | Alcohols |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D020005 | Propanols |
| D000588 | Amines |
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