Feeding Infant Formula With Added Probiotics and Whey Protein Concentrate

Feeding Infant Formula With Added Probiotics and Whey Protein Concentrate

To evaluate the effects of feeding an infant formula containing L. paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19 or Whey Protein Concentrate.

Inclusion criteria (formula-fed group):

healthy infants of mothers who could not or voluntarily resigned completely from breast-feeding at infant age 14 plus/minus 3 days

Inclusion criteria (breast-fed group):

healthy infants exclusively breast-fed from birth and mothers intending to breastfeed >80% until at least 5th month of age (meaning through the 4th month of age).

Inclusion criteria (all infants):

delivered between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation birth weight >2500 g and <4000 g parent or the subject's legal representative speak and understand Chinese

Exclusion criteria (formula-fed group):

fully or partially breast-fed infants infants breast-fed >20%

Exclusion criteria (breast-fed group):

infants fed >20% infant formula

Exclusion criteria (all infants):

malformations, handicaps or congenital diseases that could affect normal feeding or growth treatment with antibiotics