Ultrasonic Explorations of Cerebral Tissue Motions - Influence of Aging

Ultrasonic Explorations of Cerebral Tissue Motions - Influence of Aging

The new technical of ultrasonic exploration of this project purpose to validate the measurement of cerebral pulsatility by a new way called "Fast Cerebral Pulsatility Imaging" (FCPI).This will somehow determine the natural history of cerebral pulsatility during development adult to old age

Main objective

Phase 1:

-Study the in-vivo development of ultrasonic method in terms of quality of the acquisitions and intra-operator reproducibility.

Study the ease of positioning in relation to MRI and fusion of MRI and FCPI data via the neuro-navigation system

Phase 2:

-Study the variability of cerebral pulsatility of measured by "Fast Cerebral Pulsatility Imaging" or FCPI with age.

Secondary objectives

• Compare the results of displacements cartography's and vascular cartography obtained by MRI (especially by Arteriel Spin Labelling = ASL)
• Compare results of FCPI with results of cognitive tests of aging separating fluid functions (prefrontal) and functions called crystallized; and study the residual effect of age on cognitive tasks and speed of cognitive processing after taking into account the effect of the cerebral pulsatility
• Compare results of FCPI with electrophysiological measures (PE EEG) describing the attentional control
• Perform an exploratory analysis to highlight the propagating part of the brain displacement maps

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient at least 18 years old
• Informed consent form signed
• Person affiliated to a medical insurance
• Male or female
• No smoking the day of the inclusion
• Right handed: Edinburgh test ≥0.8 (subjects of phase 2)
• MMS score ≥ 27 and 5 words score = 10 (subjects of phase 2)
• Socio-educational level greater than or equal to 8 years of school (subjects of phase 2)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women, lactating women or women without reliable contraception
• Contraindications to IRM for patients with: ocular metallic foreign object; any electronic medical device implanted by irremovable way (pacemakers, neuro-stimulator, cochlear implants ...); metallic heart valve, old heart valves are specially an absolute contraindication because of risk of dysfunction; vascular clips implanted formerly on brain aneurysm
• Acute medico-surgical condition dating from less than 3 months
• Neurological and neuro-surgical pathology such as: toxic, infectious or inflammatory encephalopathy, epilepsy, intracranial arteriovenous malformation known, intracranial tumor or hydrocephalus known, operated or no, history of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, transient or not
• Treatments or pathology that could influence the results of the research: heart failure (dyspnea with stage III or IV NYHA) or non-sinus cardiac rhythm, use of central analgesics or psychotropic drugs
• Psychiatrics disorders of axe 1 of DSM IV, based on MINI (subjects of phase 2)
• Major subject with a legal protection measure
• Subject to exclusion period of any other biomedical research