Hemoptysis is defined as the expectoration of blood from respiratory tract, a spectrum that varies from blood-streaking of sputum to coughing up large amounts of pure blood.
Massive hemoptysis variably defined as the expectoration of 100-600 ml over 24-h period.
The most common site of bleeding is the tracheobronchial tree, which can be affected by inflammation (acute or chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis) or by neoplasm ( bronchogenic carcinoma, endobronchial metastatic carcinoma, bronchial carcinoid tumor). The bronchial arteries, which originate either from aorta or from intercostal arteries, and are part of the high-pressure systemic circulation, are the source of bleeding in bronchitis or bronchiectasis or endo bronchial tumors.
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