Hemoptysis is defined as the expectoration of blood from respiratory tract, a spectrum that varies from blood-streaking of sputum to coughing up large amounts of pure blood.

Massive hemoptysis variably defined as the expectoration of 100-600 ml over 24-h period.

The most common site of bleeding is the tracheobronchial tree, which can be affected by inflammation (acute or chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis) or by neoplasm ( bronchogenic carcinoma, endobronchial metastatic carcinoma, bronchial carcinoid tumor). The bronchial arteries, which originate either from aorta or from intercostal arteries, and are part of the high-pressure systemic circulation, are the source of bleeding in bronchitis or bronchiectasis or endo bronchial tumors.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age > 18
• Hemodynamicaly stable
• Hemoptysis of varying etiologies
• Coumadin treatment will be switched to clexane or heparine

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age < 18
• Hemodinamicaly unstable
• Massive hemoptysis ( > 200 ml / day)
• Renal failure: creatinine > 3, renal replacement treatment
• Hepatic failure: bilirubin > 2 mg/dl, AST > 3 of upper normal limit level
• Coagulation disorders, INR> 2.
• Hypesensitivity to tranexamic acid
• Pregnant woman