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The Millenium development goals (MDGs) call for reducing by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water. This goal was adopted in large part because safe drinking water has been seen as critical to fighting diarrheal disease. Source protection is considered the main intervention area to achieve this goal. However, research worldwide that has shown that even drinking water which is safe at the source is subject to frequent and extensive fecal contamination during collection, storage and use in the home. This contamination is through the introduction of cups, dippers or hands, contamination by flies, cockroaches, and rats. Even piped water supplies of adequate microbial quality can pose infectious disease risks if they become contaminated due to unsanitary collection, storage conditions and practices within households.
To reduce this problem, point-of-use water treatment has been advocated as a means to substantially decrease the global burden of diarrhea and to contribute to the MDGs. However, research indicates that there are many unanswered questions around Household water treatment (HWT) that require small or medium scale epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials, especially with regard to effectiveness, acceptability and identifying suitable target populations. Some of the most urgent questions to be resolved are:(1) How much of the currently cited disease reduction of HWT is due to bias? (2) What is the effect of HWT on nutritional status (weight gain and growth)?(3) At which populations should HWT be targeted? (4) Is it acceptable and sustainable in poor communities where the risk of diarrheal disease is high.
hypothesis: Do household water treatment with chlorine reduce diarrhea among underfive children? hypothesis: Do household water treatment with chlorine acceptable in the community?
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Household water treatment | Experimental | household water treatment with 1.25% sodium hypochlorite |
|
| control | No Intervention | Usual practice (the use of "Jerrican" for water storage, which is considered as safe storage) |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| household water treatment | Other | household water treatment with 1.25% sodium hypochlorite |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To assess the prevalence of diarrhea among under five children | weekly visit of the household for the presence of diarrhoea among underfive for four months in both the intervention and control groups | four months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| To assess the weight gain among the intervention and control groups of under five children | This is designed to assess whether there is weight gain (objective outcome) in children assigned to the intervention group compared to the control group. It is supplement to the prevalence of diarrhea which is subjective outcome for this study | At the beginning and end of the study ( 4 months interval) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Bezatu M Alemu, M.Sc | Assistant professor | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kersa district | Kersa | Eastern Hararage | 235 | Ethiopia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24194899 | Derived | Mengistie B, Berhane Y, Worku A. Household water chlorination reduces incidence of diarrhea among under-five children in rural Ethiopia: a cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 23;8(10):e77887. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077887. eCollection 2013. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012973 | Sodium Hypochlorite |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006997 | Hypochlorous Acid |
| D017606 | Chlorine Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D010087 | Oxides |
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| Residual chlorine test | The use of the intervention (1.25% hypochlorite) is confirmed by the testing the residual chlorine weekly for for months from each household assigned in the intrevention group | four months |
| D017601 |
| Oxygen Compounds |
| D017670 | Sodium Compounds |