The Effect of Glycemic Index on Post-prandial Glycemia (Breakfast vs. Lunch) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Quantification With Continuous Glucose Monitoring
The Effect of Glycemic Index on Post-prandial Glycemia (Breakfast vs. Lunch) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Quantification With Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Background: Post-prandial hyperglycemia is common in people with type 1 diabetes.
Objective: The aim was to determine the impact of low vs high glycemic index (GI) on post-prandial glycemia for breakfast vs lunch and to quantify these effects with continuous glucose monitoring.
Design: Seven adult subjects with type 1 diabetes participated in two experiments, each consisting of two meals each. In one experiment, both meals had a low GI; in the other, high GI. Meals were given 195 minutes apart and were matched for carbohydrate, protein, and fat content. Each subject received his usual pre-prandial insulin dosage, followed by a continuous subcutaneous basal insulin infusion for the remainder of the experiment. Arterialized venous glucose was analyzed every 15 minutes and sensor glucose was recorded every 5 minutes.
A total of 14 diet studies (each with two meals) were completed in three men and four women. All subjects completed two diet studies in which two meals were served 195 minutes apart. On one study day, two high GI (> 75) meals were given, and on the other study day, two low GI (< 30) meals were given. The low GI and high GI meals were matched for amount of carbohydrates, protein, and fat based on a weight-maintaining diet for each subject. The order of the study treatment (high or low GI) was randomized. Subjects were not informed as the GI of any meal.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:Any patient who was