Changes of Upper and Lower Limb Blood Flow and Vascular Resistance in Hyperbaric Spinal Anesthesia for TURP Using Duplex Ultrasonography: Comparison of Normotensive and Hypertensive Patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• males (> 65 yr) were scheduled to have spinal anaesthesia for TURP

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients with peripheral vascular disease
• chronic venous insufficiency
• prior deep vein thrombosis (DVT) defined by the presence of thrombosis on duplex or the presence of ultrasonographic signs indicating a previous DVT
• body mass index >35
• prior lower limb surgery due to arterial or venous trauma
• history of diabetes or autonomic deficiency.

Male patients scheduled elective transurethral surgery