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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Manitoba | OTHER |
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Bioactive components in buckwheat enhance insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes by improving glucose uptake and utilization through a unique mechanism that operates independent of insulin.
This is a single site, double-blind, randomized, controlled study designed to explore buckwheat's glucose lowering effects in healthy volunteers and volunteers with type 2 diabetes. A total of 24 volunteers consisting of 12 volunteers (healthy and diabetic) per group for both the acute and chronic phases of testing will be recruited through advertisement from the local community.
In the acute testing phase, volunteers (healthy and diabetic) will be asked to attend 4 visits one week apart for the duration of 3 hours per visit. A fasting blood sample will be collected at each visit. At each visit, all volunteers will consume in random order 1 of the following 4 products: i) crackers containing buckwheat; ii) crackers without buckwheat); iii) 50 mls of oral solution containing glucose; or iv) 50 mls of oral solution containing the sugar substitute Splenda. The crackers will contain equal amounts of available carbohydrates. Blood sampling will occur at 15, 30, 45, 60 minutes, and then every 60 minutes for the remainder of the visit. Sampling (pre and post product consumption) will measure insulin, glucose, and various incretins. Open venous access will be secured after the first sample has been obtained to minimize the number of needle pricks. Total amount of blood obtained will not exceed 30 mls per visit.
In the chronic testing phase, volunteers (healthy and diabetic) will receive the crackers containing buckwheat for consumption each day for 7 days. Prior to food consumption, a fasting blood sample will be obtained each day and a urine sample will be collected on Days 1, 3, and 7 to assess bioavailability of buckwheat compounds (concentrations in blood and urine), insulin and glucose. Sampling for a lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides), liver (ALT), kidney (creatinine), adipose function (adipokines), various incretins, as well as inflammatory status (various cytokines) will be done on Day 1 and Day 7. Total amount of blood obtained will not exceed 30 mls per visit.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 healthy volunteers | Healthy volunteers are randomized to 1 of 4 products over 4 weekly visits: i)buckwheat crackers;ii)crackers without buckwheat; iii)oral glucose; iv) oral sugar substitute, followed by 7 days of buckwheat crackers. |
| |
| 12 Participants with Type 2 diabetes | Volunteers with type 2 diabetes are randomized to 1 of 4 products over 4 weekly visits: i)buckwheat crackers;ii)crackers without buckwheat; iii)oral glucose; iv) oral sugar substitute, followed by 7 days of buckwheat crackers. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| buckwheat, rice crackers, glucose, sugar substitute | Other | crackers contain equal amounts of available carbohydrates; 50 mls of oral solution for both glucose and Splenda |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| determine glucose-lowering potential of the buckwheat bioactive compound during acute phase testing in volunteers with Type 2 diabetes | 3 hour testing |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| determine bioavailability of buckwheat bioactive compounds | 7 days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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A total of 24 volunteers were recruited from the community; 12 healthy volunteers and 12 volunteers with Type 2 Diabetes
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Peter C Zahradka, PhD | Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health & Medicine | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute | Winnipeg | Manitoba | R2H 2A6 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14640572 | Background | Kawa JM, Taylor CG, Przybylski R. Buckwheat concentrate reduces serum glucose in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 3;51(25):7287-91. doi: 10.1021/jf0302153. | |
| 11893482 | Background | Qureshi AA, Sami SA, Khan FA. Effects of stabilized rice bran, its soluble and fiber fractions on blood glucose levels and serum lipid parameters in humans with diabetes mellitus Types I and II. J Nutr Biochem. 2002 Mar;13(3):175-187. doi: 10.1016/s0955-2863(01)00211-x. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005947 | Glucose |
| D013549 | Sweetening Agents |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006601 | Hexoses |
| D009005 | Monosaccharides |
| D000073893 | Sugars |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D005421 |
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| 9134421 | Background | Field MC. Is there evidence for phospho-oligosaccharides as insulin mediators? Glycobiology. 1997 Mar;7(2):161-8. doi: 10.1093/glycob/7.2.161-d. No abstract available. |
| 9611774 | Background | Jones DR, Varela-Nieto I. The role of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol in signal transduction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1998 Mar;30(3):313-26. doi: 10.1016/s1357-2725(97)00144-1. |
| 10480610 | Background | Oku A, Ueta K, Arakawa K, Ishihara T, Nawano M, Kuronuma Y, Matsumoto M, Saito A, Tsujihara K, Anai M, Asano T, Kanai Y, Endou H. T-1095, an inhibitor of renal Na+-glucose cotransporters, may provide a novel approach to treating diabetes. Diabetes. 1999 Sep;48(9):1794-800. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.48.9.1794. |
| 10954015 | Background | Adachi T, Yasuda K, Okamoto Y, Shihara N, Oku A, Ueta K, Kitamura K, Saito A, Iwakura I, Yamada Y, Yano H, Seino Y, Tsuda K. T-1095, a renal Na+-glucose transporter inhibitor, improves hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Metabolism. 2000 Aug;49(8):990-5. doi: 10.1053/meta.2000.7729. |
| 15792833 | Background | Ueta K, Ishihara T, Matsumoto Y, Oku A, Nawano M, Fujita T, Saito A, Arakawa K. Long-term treatment with the Na+-glucose cotransporter inhibitor T-1095 causes sustained improvement in hyperglycemia and prevents diabetic neuropathy in Goto-Kakizaki Rats. Life Sci. 2005 Apr 22;76(23):2655-68. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.09.038. |
| 10710509 | Background | Nawano M, Oku A, Ueta K, Umebayashi I, Ishirahara T, Arakawa K, Saito A, Anai M, Kikuchi M, Asano T. Hyperglycemia contributes insulin resistance in hepatic and adipose tissue but not skeletal muscle of ZDF rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Mar;278(3):E535-43. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.3.E535. |
| 11170616 | Background | Skrabanja V, Liljeberg Elmstahl HG, Kreft I, Bjorck IM. Nutritional properties of starch in buckwheat products: studies in vitro and in vivo. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Jan;49(1):490-6. doi: 10.1021/jf000779w. |
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| Background | Lu C et al. (1992) Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Buckwheat; Lin R, Zhou M, Tao Y, Li J, Zhang, Z. Eds; Agriculture Publishing House: Beijing,China; pp 458-464. |
| Background | Wang J et al. (1992) Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Buckwheat; Lin R, Zhou M, Tao Y, Li J, Zhang, Z. Eds; Agriculture Publishing House: Beijing, China; pp 465-467. |
| Background | Horbowicz M & Obendorf RL. (1994) Seed Sci Res 4: 385-405. |
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| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| Flavoring Agents |
| D005503 | Food Additives |
| D000074385 | Food Ingredients |
| D020313 | Specialty Uses of Chemicals |
| D020164 | Chemical Actions and Uses |
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |