We will evaluate a series of interventions intended to help individuals who drop out of substance abuse treatment re-engage in order to improve treatment outcome.

We propose a 5-year Stage I behavioral therapy development study to: 1) prospectively evaluate risk factors for premature drop-out from outpatient treatment; 2) develop and test a manual of single session phone-and office-based interventions to re-engage these individual in treatment.

Inclusion Criteria:

• admission to outpatient treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

• need for hospitalization