We want to test the hypothesises that patients with nephrotic syndrome have a higher excretion of AQP2 in the urine,that they have a higher concentration of AVP,and a lower C-H2O.Everything will normalize, when the syndrome is in remission.Furthermore we want to test the hypothesis that the expression of mutations in the NPHS2-gene,that codes for podocin,will cause a lack off or a poorer response in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome

Inclusion Criteria:

adult patients with nephrotic syndrome in the years 1995 until now; both male and female; the kidney disease must be based upon a kidney biopsy ; age > 18 years -

Exclusion Criteria:

severe diseases in the heart, lungs or liver; diabetes mellitus; other not well-treated diseases in endocrine organs; cancer unwillingness to participate

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adult patients with nephrotic syndrome healthy volunteers