Examining the Effects of Group Versus Individual Based Exercise Program on Balance and Coordination in Children With Autism

Examining the Effects of Group Versus Individual-Based Exercise Programs on Balance and Coordination in Children With Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial

This study compared the effects of group-based versus individual-based exercise programs on balance and coordination in children aged 3-12 years who were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Level 1. A total of 16 children were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups (n=8 each): Group A (individual-based) and Group B (group-based). Both groups received 40-minute exercise sessions, 3 days per week, for 6 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) and neurological coordination tests (Finger-to-Nose, Heel-to-Shin, Past-Pointing).

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition affecting motor function, including balance and coordination. Physical activity interventions showed promise in improving motor outcomes, but comparative evidence between group-based and individual-based formats was limited.

Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial with parallel assignment. Participants: 16 children (aged 3-12 years) with ASD Level 1 severity were recruited from rehabilitation centers and special education institutions in Islamabad, Pakistan, using purposive sampling and random allocation via lottery method.

Interventions: Group A (Individual-Based): Each child received a personalized 40-minute physiotherapy exercise session including warm-up (movement to music, trampoline jumping, stair climbing), balance and coordination exercises (single-leg stance, animal walks, wobble board, ball games, tug of war, obstacle course), and cool-down (bubble blowing, block building). Sessions were delivered 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Group B (Group-Based): The same exercise protocol was delivered in group, incorporating peer interaction, social modeling, and group dynamics.

Outcome Measures: Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS; score 0-56) and neurological coordination tests (Finger-to-Nose, Heel-to-Shin, Past-Pointing) were administered pre- and post-intervention.

Data Analysis: Data were analyzed using SPSS v21. Normality was assessed and tests were applied accordingly.

Inclusion Criteria:

Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (level one severity). Age 3-12 years. Ability to understand simple instructions. No participation in previous physiotherapy balance programs.

Exclusion Criteria:

Co-existing intellectual disability or ADHD. Visual impairments. Chronic medical disorders affecting mobility or postural control. Inability to participate consistently in sessions.