Comparative Effectiveness of Yakson Touch and a Dextrose-Sweetened Pacifier for Reducing Phlebotomy-Induced Pain in Term Neonates

Comparative Effectiveness of Yakson Touch and a Dextrose-Sweetened Pacifier for Reducing Phlebotomy-Induced Pain in Term Neonates: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

To compare the effects of Yakson Touch, the Dextrose-Sweetened Pacifier, and routine care on physiological responses, pain intensity, and behavioral outcomes among term neonates undergoing phlebotomy.

To compare the effects of Yakson Touch, the Dextrose-Sweetened Pacifier, and routine care on physiological responses, pain intensity, and behavioral outcomes among term neonates undergoing phlebotomy.

Inclusion Criteria:

Term neonates admitted to the NICU. Neonates undergoing clinically indicated phlebotomy. Neonates whose parent or legally authorized representative provides informed consent for participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

Neonates with conditions that may significantly affect pain assessment or physiological responses during phlebotomy.

Neonates receiving analgesic or sedative medications that could influence pain or behavioral responses.

Neonates with contraindications to the study interventions. Neonates whose parent or legally authorized representative does not provide consent.