Non-Pharmacologic Interventions to Relief Pain in Healthy Newborns Submitted to Vaccination to Hepatitis B

Non-Pharmacologic Interventions to Relief Pain in Healthy Newborns Submitted to Vaccination to Hepatitis B: a Comparison Between Skin-to-Skin Contact, Glucose 25% and Both of Them

Acute procedural pain in neonates may be alleviated by non-pharmacological procedures. This study objective is to test the efficacy regarding pain attenuation of 3 interventions (skin-to-skin contact versus glucose 25% versus skin to skin associated to glucose 25) versus control in healthy newborn infants submitted to intra-muscular vaccination for Hepatitis B at 48-72 hours of life.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Written informed consent.
• Gestational age of 37 0/7 to 41 6/7 weeks.
• Patients cared in rooming-in, with post-natal age of 12 to 72 hours of life.
• Adequate for gestational age and healthy infants.
• No other painful stimuli before study except for Vitamine K injection soon after birth.
• Interval from last feeding between 30 and 60 minutes.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Mothers that used opioid at gestation labor or birth.
• Delivery under general anesthesia.
• Apgar score less than seven in the 1st or 5th minute of life.
• Neonates that received any venous, arterial, capillary or spinal puncture.
• Any congenital malformation or CNS abnormality.