To evaluate whether adding conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) to a standard conservative regimen (patient education, pharmacotherapy, and a home exercise programme) provides additional short- and medium-term benefit for pain, mandibular function, and quality of life in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients received conventional TENS (100 Hz, 200 µs, sensory-level, 30 min/session, 5 sessions/week for 2 weeks) in addition to a standard conservative regimen consisting of patient education, pharmacotherapy, and a home exercise programme
Patients received a standard conservative regimen alone, consisting of patient education, a two-week pharmacological course of dexketoprofen (50 mg/day) plus thiocolchicoside (16 mg/day), and a standardised home exercise programme. No TENS was applied.
Konya, Konya 42090, Turkey (Türkiye)
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