Inclusion Criteria:

Diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria.

Able to understand and follow basic verbal instructions. Able to stand independently for at least 30 seconds. Voluntary participation in the study and written informed consent obtained from a parent or legal guardian.

Exclusion Criteria:

Presence of an active infection. Bladder or bowel symptoms attributable to an organic condition, such as anorectal malformation or Hirschsprung disease.

Presence of another neurological or orthopedic condition that may affect participation or outcomes, such as cerebral palsy or hip dislocation.

Inability to attend the treatment program regularly. Receipt of hippotherapy within the previous 12 months. History of epilepsy or seizures. History of surgery involving the spine and/or abdominopelvic region within the previous 12 months.