Effectiveness of a 6-week Hippotherapy Program in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Effectiveness of a 6-week Hippotherapy Program in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has increased dramatically in the last decade. The increasing occurrence of ASD creates an imperative need to test the effectiveness and efficacy mechanisms of appropriate interventions. Hippotherapy (HPOT) is a treatment option that has been show beneficial for children with ASD as well as other children with developmental disorders. The current projects focuses on understanding the mechanisms of HPOT efficacy and evaluating a short-term HPOT program for children with ASD.

The incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has increased dramatically in the last decade. The latest report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that 1 in 59 children are being diagnosed with ASD and it is four times more prevalent in boys than girls. Common treatments for children with ASD are applied behavioral therapy, occupational and speech therapy, which are used solely or in combination. Hippotherapy (HPOT) is another treatment option that has been shown to positively impact various aspects of behavior. This pilot project aims to determine the effects of a 6-week HPOT program on movement and social behavior of children with ASD and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of why HPOT is successful for ASD through the coupling of physiological and temperamental responses between horse and rider. The approach involves examining these skills pre, during, and post HPOT intervention in children diagnosed with ASD. A group of aged matched children with typical development will serve as the control group. Innovative measures of physiological coupling and temperament between horse and rider as well as objective and quantitative measures of movement and social behavior and caregiver perception will be collected. The investigators anticipate that following completion of the proposed study, they will provide the necessary foundation to understand the mechanisms of HPOT, and thus provide a new framework to test clinical trials of HPOT and human-animal interaction, and ultimately improve the lives of those diagnosed with ASD and their families.

For the children with Autism Spectrum Disorders:

Inclusion Criteria:

1. diagnosis of ASD based upon the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and parent interview,
2. medical approval for participation in the HPOT activity,
3. no other medical or psychiatric diagnoses besides ASD
4. tolerate helmet on head and attachments of the movement and heart rate sensors.

The inclusion criteria for the TD children will be:

1. no diagnosis or family history of ASD
2. no other neurodevelopmental or musculoskeletal disorder
3. tolerate helmet on head and attachments of the movement and heart rate sensors.
4. medical approval for participation in the HPOT activity,

Exclusion Criteria:

1. under 5 years of age or over 10 years of age
2. has a serious comorbid medical diagnosis
3. major vision or hearing impairments
4. severe behavioral problems
5. an orthopedic or genetic diagnosis