This single-blinded, three-arm randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of different auditory environments on laparoscopic task performance and mental workload among novice surgeons in a simulated setting. Sixty participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: preferred music, white noise, or silent control. Participants completed standardized laparoscopic simulation tasks. The primary outcome was task completion time. Secondary outcomes included mental workload assessed using the Surgical Task Load Index (SURG-TLX), perceived stress, and heart rate variability. The study aimed to determine whether preferred music enhances technical performance while reducing cognitive workload during laparoscopic simulation.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants performed standardized laparoscopic simulation tasks while listening to their own self-selected preferred music through headphones throughout the simulation session.
Participants performed standardized laparoscopic simulation tasks while listening to standardized white noise through headphones throughout the simulation session.
Participants performed standardized laparoscopic simulation tasks under standard silent conditions without any auditory stimulus.
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
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