Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint condition characterized by degeneration, which is commonly attributed to the cumulative effects of mechanical stress and the slow deterioration of articular cartilage. KOA is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorder that affected 300 million people globally in 2017. It can affect any joint, although the most commonly affected are the knees, hands, hips, and spine
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants in this arm received phonophoresis treatment using a 1% metformin gel as the ultrasound coupling medium. The treatment was administered according to the study protocol over the intervention period.
Group A (Glucosamine Sulfate, Chondroitin Sulfate, MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) plus EX group) -Glucosamine sulfate 30mg/g, Chondroitin sulfate 50mg/g and MSM 10mg/g
In the US group (Group C), the US applied using an acoustic neutral gel. The device's parameters and applica¬tion were like those of the MFPH group. Metformin phonophoresis and traditional exercise
Quweisna, Monufia Governorate 16916, Egypt
Effect of Metformin Iontophoresis on Knee Osteoarthritis in Postmenopausal Women
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Manual Therapy in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
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Manual Therapy Versus Exercise on Knee Osteoarthritis