Brief Summary This randomized controlled trial will compare the immediate effects of three warm-up protocols on physical performance in male amateur basketball players. A total of 45 licensed basketball players aged 15 to 25 years will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: standard dynamic warm-up, dynamic warm-up followed by classical hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, or dynamic warm-up followed by short-duration self-administered PNF stretching.
The main outcome will be the change in countermovement jump height. Additional outcomes will include flexibility, knee range of motion, squat jump height, 20-meter sprint time, agility, dynamic balance, and perceived exertion. Measurements will be performed before the assigned warm-up protocol, immediately after the protocol, and 15 minutes after the protocol.
The study aims to determine whether short-duration self-PNF stretching can improve flexibility while preserving performance more effectively than classical PNF stretching. Each participant will complete the assigned protocol and all assessments during a single study session.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
mstan@medipol.edu.tr
The investigator performing the physical performance assessments will be blinded to group allocation. Randomization will be conducted by an independent researcher who will not participate in outcome assessment. Group assignments will be concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Participants and the physiotherapist supervising or administering the warm-up protocols cannot be blinded because of the visible differences between the interventions. Statistical analyses will be performed using coded group labels.
Arm Description: Participants will complete a standardized dynamic warm-up lasting approximately 10 minutes. The program will include 3 minutes of light jogging, high knees, butt kicks, walking lunges, side shuffles, carioca running, leg swings in the sagittal and frontal planes, and three 10-meter progressive acceleration runs. No PNF stretching will be performed.
Participants will complete the standardized 10-minute dynamic warm-up followed by therapist-administered classical hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. The PNF protocol will be applied bilaterally to the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors.
Participants will complete the standardized 10-minute dynamic warm-up followed by a supervised short-duration, self-administered proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching protocol. The protocol will target the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors bilaterally.
Acute Effects of Passive and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Techniques in Youth Basketball Players
Analyzing the Impact of Three Warm-Up Durations on Physical Performance in Youth Basketball Athletes.
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PNF Training Effects on Jump and Balance in Basketball Players
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The Comparison of Different Passive Warm-Up Methods Prior to Exercise
Comparison of the Immediate Effects of Physiotherapist and Self-administered Myofascial Release Techniques on Flexibility and Jumping Ability in Basketball Players