This study will provide novel insights into the role of bone marrow-derived stem cells in muscle adaptation to long-term exercise and advance our understanding of an Rg-1 based supplement-Senactiv® as a potential intervention for preventing sarcopenia and cognitive decline in older adults.

Background: We have recently observed increased mesenchymal stem cells (Stro-1+ MSCs) in exercised skeletal muscle in women > 60 years following consumption of a ginseng-derived Rg1-based supplement (Senactiv®). A substantial proportion of these mobilized stem cells differentiated into neural stem cells (Nestin+). Exercise-induced sex hormone depletion is completely attenuated. Together with our earlier finding that Senactiv® reduced perceived exertion during resistance exercise in young men, these results suggest that the supplement may enhance brain-muscle connection/rewiring to improve performance. This acute, single-dose study raises the important question of whether long-term Senactiv® consumption can augment muscle strength and mass in older women engaged in resistance training, a population at high risk of progressing into sarcopenia.

Study Design: To address this, we will conduct a 12-week, two-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Primary and secondary outcomes will include muscle strength, perceived exertion, muscle mass, grip strength and sitting-rising test, sex hormones, Nestin+ neural stem cells, mitochondria-rich phagocytes (MPO-expressing cells), transcriptomic changes (RNA-seq) focusing on age-related biomarkers, bone marrow-derived cells and cognitive function. Skeletal muscle tissue will be analyzed using minimally invasive micro-biopsy at three time points: pre-exercise baseline, immediately after the first exercise bout (0 h, acute response), and 48 hours after the final training session (long-term adaptation). Cognitive function will be comprehensively assessed using available campus resources.

Inclusion Criteria: Capable of conducting exercise. -

Exclusion Criteria: Under anti-inflammatory medication.

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Care providers will administer either the placebo or the treatment to participants without knowledge of the pill centent allocation. The placebo and treatment pills will be manufactured to be indistinguishable in appearance, ensuring blinding of both care providers and participants.