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This observational comparative study aims to evaluate differences in functional movement quality, dynamic balance, lower extremity muscle strength, and jumping performance between professional and amateur male soccer players. A total of 144 licensed soccer players (72 professional and 72 amateur) will undergo standardized assessments, including the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test (YBT), countermovement jump (CMJ), vertical jump (VJ), one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength tests, and eccentric hamstring strength assessment using the NordBord system. The findings are expected to improve understanding of how competitive level influences physical performance characteristics and may contribute to the development of evidence-based training, injury prevention, and athlete development strategies.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Professional Soccer Players | Male licensed professional soccer players competing in professional soccer leagues. Participants underwent assessments of functional movement, dynamic balance, lower extremity muscle strength, eccentric hamstring strength, and jumping performance. No intervention was administered. |
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| Amateur Soccer Players | Male licensed amateur soccer players competing in amateur soccer leagues. Participants underwent the same assessment protocol as the professional group. No intervention was administered. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Performance Assessment | Other | Standardized physical performance assessment including the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test (YBT), countermovement jump (CMJ), vertical jump (VJ), one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength tests, and eccentric hamstring strength assessment using the NordBord system. No therapeutic or experimental intervention was administered. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Functional Movement Screen (FMS) Total Score | The total Functional Movement Screen (FMS) score was used to evaluate overall functional movement quality and identify movement limitations in professional and amateur soccer players. | Baseline (Day 1) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Y-Balance Test (YBT) Performance | Dynamic balance performance assessed using normalized reach distances in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. | Baseline (Day 1) |
| Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Height |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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The study population consisted of healthy licensed male soccer players actively competing in professional and amateur soccer leagues. A total of 144 participants (72 professional and 72 amateur) were recruited during the competitive season. All participants regularly participated in team training (4-5 sessions per week) and official league matches. The study population was selected to compare functional movement quality, dynamic balance, lower extremity muscle strength, and jumping performance between different competitive levels in soccer.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Gelisim University | Istanbul | Istanbul | 34720 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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Lower-extremity explosive power measured as countermovement jump height using the Witty Microgate system.
| Baseline (Day 1) |
| Vertical Jump (VJ) Height | Vertical jump performance assessed using the Witty Microgate system. | Baseline (Day 1) |
| One-Repetition Maximum (1RM) Strength | Maximum lower-extremity strength assessed using one-repetition maximum squat and deadlift tests. | Baseline (Day 1) |
| Eccentric Hamstring Strength | Maximum eccentric hamstring force and inter-limb asymmetry assessed using the NordBord system. | Baseline (Day 1) |
| Individual Functional Movement Screen Components | Scores for the seven Functional Movement Screen subtests, including deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotary stability. | Baseline (Day 1) |