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The aims of the current study are:
Forty-five healthy patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects with healthy periodontium will be included in the current study. At the beginning of the treatment, all selected patients will be motivated about the benefit of plaque control and periodontal prophylaxis.
The participants will be selected from the Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University. The patients will be informed about the treatment that they will receive and steps that will be taken. This includes the possible effects or risks and other treatment options according to the rules of the ethical committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University. The subjects must understand this explanation in broad terms. They must be legally competent to give written consent before performing any required steps. The research protocol will be presented to the ethical committee at the Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, to get its approval.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| group I treated with C. asiatica nanoemulsion as an adjunct to SRP | Experimental | Group I (study group): 15 Patients with periodontitis Stage III will be treated with C. asiatica nanoemulsion as an adjunct to SRP. |
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| Group II (positive control group) treated with SRP | Active Comparator | Group II (positive control): 15 patients with periodontitis Stage III will be treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) alone, with no adjunctive gel application. |
|
| Group III (negative control group): no intervention | No Intervention | Group III (negative control/healthy control): 15 periodontally healthy participants who will receive no active periodontal intervention; assessed at baseline only |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centella asiatica nanoemulsion gel | Drug | Following scaling and root planing, patients in Group 1 received local subgingival application of Centella asiatica nanoemulsion gel via disposable syringe with a blunt-ended cannula, applied once weekly for 3 months. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plaque Index | Full-mouth plaque accumulation scored at the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual/palatal surfaces of each examined tooth on a 0-3 scale, with higher scores indicating greater plaque accumulation. The participant-level score is the average of all recorded surface scores. | Baseline and 3 months (Groups 1 and 2); baseline only (Group 3) |
| Gingival Index | Gingival inflammation was scored at each examined surface on a 0-3 scale based on gingival color, consistency, and presence/absence of bleeding on probing, with higher scores indicating more severe inflammation (0 = clinically healthy gingiva, 3 = severe inflammation with marked redness, edema, ulceration, or spontaneous bleeding). | Baseline and 3 months (Groups 1 and 2); baseline only (Group 3) |
| Gingival Bleeding Index | Presence or absence of bleeding recorded following gentle probing of the gingival margin at each examined site, calculated as the number of bleeding sites divided by the total number of examined sites and expressed as a percentage. Higher percentages indicate greater gingival bleeding. | Baseline and 3 months (Groups 1 and 2); baseline only (Group 3) |
| Periodontal Probing Depth (PPD) | Distance in millimeters from the free gingival margin to the base of the periodontal pocket, measured at multiple sites per tooth using a calibrated periodontal probe. Higher values indicate deeper pockets and greater periodontal destruction. | Baseline and 3 months (Groups 1 and 2); baseline only (Group 3) |
| Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) | Distance in millimeters from the cemento-enamel junction to the base of the periodontal pocket, measured at multiple sites per tooth using a calibrated periodontal probe. Higher values indicate greater loss of periodontal attachment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Majed M Alshammari, bachelor | faculty of dentistry Mansoura university | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faculty of dentistry Mansoura university, Mansoura, 35516 | Al Mansurah | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D016301 | Alveolar Bone Loss |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D001862 | Bone Resorption |
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014080 | Tooth Exfoliation |
| D016745 | Root Planing |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009063 | Dental Physiological Phenomena |
| D055688 | Digestive System and Oral Physiological Phenomena |
| D012534 | Dental Scaling |
| D003777 | Dental Prophylaxis |
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| Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) | Procedure | Full-mouth scaling and root planing using ultrasonic instrumentation and Gracey curettes, plus standardized oral hygiene instructions. |
|
| Baseline and 3 months (Groups 1 and 2); baseline only (Group 3) |
| D009140 |
| Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D055093 | Periodontal Atrophy |
| D010517 | Periodontics |
| D003813 | Dentistry |
| D013357 | Subgingival Curettage |
| D011313 | Preventive Dentistry |