This randomized crossover proof-of-concept study evaluated the effects of walking with a wearable hip exoskeleton on postprandial glycemic and physiological responses in patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants completed four experimental conditions: seated control, walking without the wearable hip exoskeleton, walking with the Bot-Fit device in Aqua mode, and walking with the Bot-Fit device in Boost mode. The primary aim was to determine whether walking with the wearable hip exoskeleton alters postprandial glucose responses compared with seated control and conventional walking conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study investigated whether walking with a wearable hip exoskeleton could modulate postprandial glycemic and physiological responses in patients with type 2 diabetes. Using a randomized crossover design, each participant completed four experimental conditions in a controlled laboratory setting: seated control, walking without the wearable hip exoskeleton, walking with the Bot-Fit device in Aqua mode, and walking with the Bot-Fit device in Boost mode.

Postprandial glucose responses were assessed after meal ingestion during each experimental trial. Physiological responses, including heart rate and perceived exertion, were also evaluated to compare the metabolic and perceptual demands of walking with and without the wearable hip exoskeleton. The study was designed as a proof-of-concept trial to examine whether wearable hip exoskeleton-assisted walking may influence postprandial glucose regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Participants who were able to complete walking trials with and without the wearable hip exoskeleton.
• Participants who provided written informed consent before participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants with unstable cardiovascular, neurological, or musculoskeletal conditions that could affect walking ability or safe participation.
• Participants with conditions that could interfere with postprandial glucose assessment.
• Participants who were unable to safely use the wearable hip exoskeleton.
• Participants who were unable to comply with the study procedures.

Deidentified individual participant data underlying the main results of the study may be shared upon reasonable request. The shared data may include postprandial glucose responses, heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and relevant demographic and physiological variables after deidentification.

Data may be made available beginning 6 months after publication of the main study results and for up to 3 years thereafter.

Data may be shared with qualified researchers who submit a reasonable research proposal to the corresponding author. Access will be granted only after review and approval by the investigators and, where required, appropriate institutional or ethics committee approval. Data will be shared only for scientific purposes and in a deidentified form.

The outcomes assessor was masked to the intervention condition during outcome processing and analysis.