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This single-center, randomized controlled trial evaluates the effect of Therapeutic Touch on levels of burnout and psychological well-being among midwives who are actively working in a clinical setting. Participants are randomly allocated to one of three parallel groups: a Therapeutic Touch (intervention) group, a placebo/sham group, and a no-intervention control group. The investigators hypothesize that Therapeutic Touch will reduce burnout and improve psychological well-being compared with the placebo and control conditions.
Background: Midwifery is a health discipline characterized by heavy workload and stressful clinical situations that require high levels of physical, emotional, and cognitive effort. Prolonged exposure to chronic stressors can lead to burnout, which negatively affects both the quality of midwifery care and midwives' general well-being. Therapeutic Touch (TT) is a non-invasive energy-field intervention aimed at balancing the individual's energy field. Evidence suggests that TT may reduce stress and anxiety, promote relaxation, and enhance overall well-being; however, studies directly examining its effect on the stress, burnout, and well-being of clinically working midwives are limited.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Therapeutic Touch in reducing burnout and improving general well-being among midwives working in a clinical setting.
Design: Single-center, single-blind, pretest-posttest, three-arm, randomized controlled experimental trial. The three arms are: (1) intervention group receiving Therapeutic Touch, (2) placebo/sham group, and (3) no-intervention control group.
Setting and Participants: The study population consists of midwives actively working at Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital.
Sample Size: The sample size will be calculated using G*Power 3.1.9.7 based on comparable studies, with a Type I error (alpha) of 0.05, power (1-beta) of 0.80, and the anticipated effect size. To account for possible dropouts, the sample size will be increased by 15-20%.
Randomization and Blinding: Participants will be allocated to groups using block randomization or a computer-generated random number table. The trial is single-blind (outcome assessor blinded to group allocation).
Intervention Period: The intervention is delivered over a 4-week period.
Data Collection Tools: (1) Personal Information Form covering sociodemographic and occupational characteristics; (2) Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI): a 22-item, 5-point Likert scale with three subscales (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment); (3) Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB, Diener flourishing short form): an 8-item, 7-point Likert scale.
Withdrawal Criterion: Voluntary withdrawal from the study during the 4-week intervention period.
Statistical Analysis: Data will be analyzed with SPSS. After assessing distribution, descriptive statistics will be reported and between-group and within-group comparisons of the pretest and posttest scores will be performed using appropriate statistical tests for a three-arm randomized design. Statistical significance will be set at p < 0.05.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic Touch | Experimental | Participants receive Therapeutic Touch, a non-invasive energy-field intervention, over a 4-week period. |
|
| Placebo / Sham | Sham Comparator | Participants receive a sham/placebo procedure that mimics Therapeutic Touch without the intended energy-field component, over a 4-week period. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Participants receive no intervention and continue their usual routine. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Therapeutic Touch | Behavioral | A non-invasive energy-field intervention in which the practitioner uses the hands to detect and rebalance imbalances in the participant's energy field, delivered over a 4-week period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in burnout level measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) | The Maslach Burnout Inventory is a 22-item, 5-point Likert scale with three subscales: emotional exhaustion (score range 0-36), depersonalization (0-20), and reduced personal accomplishment (0-32). Higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores and lower personal accomplishment scores indicate greater burnout. Subscales are evaluated separately. | Baseline (pretest) and after the 4-week intervention (posttest) |
| Change in psychological well-being measured by the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB) | The Psychological Well-Being Scale (Diener flourishing short form) is an 8-item, 7-point Likert scale. Total scores range from 8 to 56, with higher scores indicating greater psychological resources and strengths. | Baseline (pretest) and after the 4-week intervention (posttest) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aslihan Turan, PhD | KTO Karatay University | Principal Investigator |
| Busra Karaaslan | Elazıg Fethi Sekin Sehir Hastanesi | Sub-Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital | Elâzığ | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002055 | Burnout, Professional |
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| D000077062 | Burnout, Psychological |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073397 | Occupational Stress |
| D009784 | Occupational Diseases |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019124 | Therapeutic Touch |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026443 | Spiritual Therapies |
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Single-blind: the outcome assessor is blinded to group allocation.
|
| Sham Therapeutic Touch | Behavioral | A placebo/sham procedure resembling Therapeutic Touch but without the intended energy-field component, delivered over a 4-week period. |
|
| D001519 |
| Behavior |
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |