An Investigation of Cranio-Cervico-Mandibular Factors Predicting the Severity of Temporomandibular Disorders

An Investigation of Cranio-Cervico-Mandibular Factors Predicting the Severity of Temporomandibular Disorders

This cross-sectional study will examine the relationship between mandibular dysfunction, cervical joint position sense, craniovertebral angle, neck pain, and temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) severity. TMD severity, mandibular function, cervical proprioception, craniovertebral angle, and neck pain history will be assessed using standardized clinical tools and questionnaires. The study will evaluate the associations between these variables and determine the factors that may predict TMD severity.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Fonseca Anamnestic Index score > 15
• aged 18 years and older

Exclusion Criteria:

• Received medical, orthodontic, or physiotherapy treatment targeting the temporomandibular joint and/or cervical region within the past six months
• used analgesic, anti-inflammatory, or muscle relaxant medications
• history of cervical spine or cranio-cervical surgery or major trauma
• a history of facial or TMJ trauma, TMJ subluxation or dislocation
• partial or complete dental prostheses
• had missing teeth
• neurological, rheumatological, or systemic inflammatory diseases