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Regular aerobic exercise may improve cardiorespiratory fitness while modulating systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Spinning, as a structured indoor cycling modality, provides a practical aerobic exercise model with adjustable intensity and duration, but its effects on redox balance, inflammatory status, aerobic capacity, and cardiac functional parameters may vary according to individual recovery and nutritional status. Magnesium is an essential micronutrient involved in energy metabolism, muscle contraction-relaxation, ion regulation, and inflammatory and oxidative pathways; therefore, magnesium use may be relevant to exercise adaptation and recovery.
This study aims to evaluate the associations of magnesium use and spinning training with oxidative stress, inflammation, aerobic capacity, and cardiac parameters. In this context, biochemical markers related to oxidative/antioxidant status and inflammation, aerobic performance indicators, and echocardiographic cardiac function parameters will be assessed together. The study is expected to provide real-world evidence on whether magnesium use in individuals participating in spinning training is associated with more favorable redox, inflammatory, aerobic, and cardiac profiles.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | No Intervention | Participants in this arm will not receive any exercise training, magnesium supplementation, or placebo intervention during the study period. They will continue their usual daily routines and will undergo the same baseline and follow-up assessments as the intervention groups. | |
| Spinning Training Group | Active Comparator | Participants in this arm will participate in a structured spinning training program during the study period. No magnesium supplementation or placebo will be administered. Baseline and follow-up assessments will include oxidative stress, inflammatory, aerobic capacity, and cardiac function parameters. |
|
| Spinning + Magnesium Group | Experimental | Participants in this arm will participate in a structured spinning training program and receive magnesium supplementation during the study period. Baseline and follow-up assessments will include oxidative stress, inflammatory, aerobic capacity, and cardiac function parameters. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spinning Training | Behavioral | Participants will participate in a structured spinning training program during the study period. The program will consist of supervised indoor cycling sessions performed at a planned frequency, duration, and intensity. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO₂max) | Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max, mL/kg/min) will be assessed using a graded exercise test. The change in VO₂max from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in Serum Magnesium Concentration | Serum magnesium concentration (mg/dL) will be measured using standard laboratory methods. The change in serum magnesium levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) | Serum total antioxidant status (TAS, mmol Trolox equivalent/L) will be measured using commercially available assay kits. The change in TAS from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in Total Oxidant Status (TOS) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Self-identified male participants are eligible
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Şemsi Gül Yılmaz Kocaman, PhD | Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Sport Sciences | Karaman | 70100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 38970118 | Background | Tarsitano MG, Quinzi F, Folino K, Greco F, Oranges FP, Cerulli C, Emerenziani GP. Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness in different type of physical activities: a systematic review. J Transl Med. 2024 Jul 5;22(1):629. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05434-x. | |
| 41485544 | Background | Sireno L, Dimauro I, Caporossi D. Reactive oxygen species in exercise biology: from adaptive stress response to cell signaling and beyond. Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Mar 1;245:447-462. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2025.12.044. Epub 2026 Jan 2. No abstract available. |
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Individual participant data will not be shared because the dataset contains participant-level health and performance records. All results will be reported in aggregate form, and confidentiality will be maintained in accordance with applicable data protection regulations.
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| Magnesium Supplementation | Dietary Supplement | Participants will receive oral magnesium supplementation during the study period in addition to the structured spinning training program. |
|
Serum total oxidant status (TOS, μmol H₂O₂ equivalent/L) will be measured using commercially available assay kits. The change in TOS from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. |
| Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in Paraoxonase-1 Activity (PON1) | Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1, U/L) activity will be determined using spectrophotometric methods. The change in PON1 activity from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in Arylesterase Activity (ARE) | Serum arylesterase (ARE, kU/L) activity will be determined using spectrophotometric methods. The change in ARE activity from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) | Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, mg/L) concentration will be measured using standard laboratory methods. The change in hs-CRP levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) | Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6, pg/mL) concentration will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. The change in IL-6 levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) | Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α, pg/mL) concentration will be measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. The change in TNF-α levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in Serum Potassium Concentration | Serum potassium concentration (mmol/L) will be measured using standard biochemical methods. The change in serum potassium levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in Serum Calcium Concentration | Serum calcium concentration (mg/dL) will be measured using standard biochemical methods. The change in serum calcium levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) | Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, pg/mL) concentration will be measured using immunoassay methods. The change in NT-proBNP levels from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| Change in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) | Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, %) will be assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. The change in LVEF from baseline to 6 weeks will be evaluated. | Baseline and 6 weeks |
| 33009349 | Background | Reno AM, Green M, Killen LG, O'Neal EK, Pritchett K, Hanson Z. Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Aug 1;36(8):2198-2203. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003827. Epub 2020 Oct 1. |
| 41316311 | Background | Feng W, Wang Y, Gu X, Yu D, Liu Z. Exercise as a modulator of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers across clinical and healthy populations: an umbrella meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025 Nov 28;17(1):360. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01327-8. |
| 40431395 | Background | Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Ragusa FS, Baio SM, Sgro F, Russo A, Battaglia G, Bianco A, Barbagallo M. The Importance of Vitamin D and Magnesium in Athletes. Nutrients. 2025 May 13;17(10):1655. doi: 10.3390/nu17101655. |
| 31443139 | Background | Chavarrias M, Carlos-Vivas J, Collado-Mateo D, Perez-Gomez J. Health Benefits of Indoor Cycling: A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Aug 8;55(8):452. doi: 10.3390/medicina55080452. |
| 18545183 | Background | Battista RA, Foster C, Andrew J, Wright G, Lucia A, Porcari JP. Physiologic responses during indoor cycling. J Strength Cond Res. 2008 Jul;22(4):1236-41. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318173dbc4. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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