Combined Training (Strength and Endurance) and the Serum Levels of Myostatin and Hormone-sensitive Lipase in Overweight and Obese Men

Effect of Upper Body and Lower Body Combined Training (Strength and Endurance) on the Serum Levels of Myostatin and Hormone-sensitive Lipase in Overweight and Obese Men

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of upper body-based and lower body-based combined training on serum levels of myostatin (MSTN) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in overweight and obese men. Myostatin is a myokine involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle growth and adipose tissue metabolism, while HSL is a key enzyme involved in lipolysis and fat mobilization.

Thirty-six overweight and obese men were assigned to either an upper body combined training group, a lower body combined training group, or a non-exercising control group. The intervention consisted of 10 weeks of combined resistance and aerobic training performed three times per week. Serum levels of MSTN and HSL were measured before and after the intervention to determine whether upper body-focused and lower body-focused combined training produce different effects on markers associated with muscle growth and lipid metabolism.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male participants aged 20 to 45 years.
• Body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m².
• Overweight or obese status.
• No participation in regular resistance or aerobic exercise during the previous 6 months.
• Willingness to participate and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus.
• Presence of cardiovascular or respiratory diseases.
• Musculoskeletal or joint injuries that could interfere with exercise participation.
• Use of anti-obesity medications.
• Use of anabolic steroids, sports supplements, or fat-burning supplements.
• Regular alcohol consumption or tobacco use.
• Absence from more than two training sessions during the intervention period.
• Withdrawal of consent or unwillingness to continue participation.