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This study aim to assess for the incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (Inflammatory thyroid Lesions)
The relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis is well established in multiple organ systems, including the liver, stomach, and colon. In the thyroid, chronic lymphocytic infiltration may create a pro-inflammatory microenvironment that promotes cellular proliferation, DNA damage, and oncogenic transformation. Several studies have suggested an increased risk of thyroid cancer, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory thyroid lesions | Other | The presence of thyroiditis was determined considering histological diagnosis taken post-surgery, and we considered the correlation between any presence of thyroiditis and all Differentiated thyroid cancer, taken from the histopathological examination after pathologic analysis. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| total thyroidectomy | Other | Diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer: The presence of thyroid cancer was determined based on histopathological examination of the resected specimen |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| • Incidence of incidental differentiated thyroid cancer with autoimmune thyroiditis | Title: Incidence of incidental differentiated thyroid cancer Unit of measure: % of patients (proportion) Metric/method: Histopathological examination of surgical specimen | At time of surgery (postoperative histopathology) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of incidental differentiated thyroid cancer by autoimmune thyroiditis subtype | Unit of Measure Percentage of patients within each subtype (Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves' disease, toxic nodular goiter) Metric / Method Histopathological classification of thyroiditis subtype and cancer diagnosis; comparison using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test | At time of surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
All types of autoimmune thyroiditis, including:
Age between 18 and 60 years
Underwent thyroid surgical operation (lobectomy or total thyroidectomy)
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of medicine | Minya | Minya Governorate | 61611 | Egypt |
The data will be available upon a reasonable request from the corresponding author.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077273 | Thyroid Cancer, Papillary |
| D050031 | Hashimoto Disease |
| D018263 | Adenocarcinoma, Follicular |
| D013967 | Thyroiditis, Autoimmune |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000231 | Adenocarcinoma, Papillary |
| D000230 | Adenocarcinoma |
| D002277 | Carcinoma |
| D009375 | Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial |
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| Outcome 3A: Age comparison | Outcome Measure Title Mean age difference between patients with and without incidental differentiated thyroid cancer Unit of Measure Years (mean ± standard deviation) Metric / Method Unpaired Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test | At time of surgery |
| Outcome 3B: Sex distribution | Field Entry Outcome Measure Title Proportion of patients with positive anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies who have incidental differentiated thyroid cancer Unit of Measure Percentage of patients Metric / Method Serological testing (anti-TPO antibodies measured by immunoassay); Chi-square test or logistic regression for association | Preoperative (within 30 days before surgery) |
| Secondary Outcome 4 - Tumor characteristics Outcome 4A: Tumor size | Outcome Measure Title Maximum tumor diameter in incidental differentiated thyroid cancers Unit of Measure Centimeters (mean ± standard deviation and range) Metric / Method Pathological measurement of surgical specimen | At time of surgery |
| Outcome 4B: Microcarcinoma proportion | Outcome Measure Title Proportion of incidental thyroid cancers that are microcarcinomas (≤1 cm) Unit of Measure Percentage of patients with incidental cancer Metric / Method Pathological measurement; defined as tumor size ≤1 cm | At time of surgery |
| Outcome 4C: Lymph node metastasis | Outcome Measure Title Proportion of patients with incidental differentiated thyroid cancer who have lymph node metastasis Unit of Measure Percentage of patients with incidental cancer Metric / Method Histopathological examination of central neck dissection specimens | At time of surgery |
| Outcome 4D: Multifocality | Outcome Measure Title Proportion of patients with incidental differentiated thyroid cancer who have multifocal disease Unit of Measure Percentage of patients with incidental cancer Metric / Method Histopathological examination (two or more distinct tumor foci) | At time of surgery |
| Outcome 3E: Extrathyroidal extension | Outcome Measure Title Proportion of patients with incidental differentiated thyroid cancer who have extrathyroidal extension Unit of Measure Percentage of patients with incidental cancer Metric / Method Histopathological examination (minimal or extensive extension) | At time of surgery |
| D009370 |
| Neoplasms by Histologic Type |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D013964 | Thyroid Neoplasms |
| D004701 | Endocrine Gland Neoplasms |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D006258 | Head and Neck Neoplasms |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D013959 | Thyroid Diseases |
| D013966 | Thyroiditis |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |