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This study aims to evaluate whether immersive virtual reality (VR) can improve cognitive function and memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Twenty participants in Burgos, Spain, will engage in VR sessions that recreate scenes from 1960s Burgos, representing environments familiar from the participants' youth. The effects of these VR-based cognitive stimulation sessions will be assessed through pre- and post-intervention evaluations, including behavioral observations, EEG monitoring of brain activity, and standardized neurocognitive tests (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Clock-Drawing Test, and Verbal Fluency Test).
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Virtual reality (VR) technologies offer an innovative approach to cognitive stimulation in patients with this condition. This study will evaluate the impact of VR on memory and cognition improvement in patients with Alzheimer's disease in Burgos.
Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive and memory stimulation through virtual reality experiences in patients with Alzheimer's disease, using behavioral analysis, biometric data (EEG), and neurocognitive testing.
Methodology: A total of 20 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease at a specialized center in Burgos will be selected. The patients will be exposed to virtual reality scenarios recreating the city of Burgos in the 1960s, a period corresponding to their youth. Their cognitive and emotional status will be assessed before and after the sessions using neurocognitive tests, behavioral monitoring, and biometric data recording (EEG). Analyses of variance (ANOVA), analyses of covariance (ANCOVA), and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were perfomed
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | The sample consisted of 33 people: 16 in the experimental group. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | The sample consisted of 33 people: 17 in the control group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual reality | Other | The intervention consists of a series of immersive virtual reality (VR) sessions designed to provide cognitive stimulation for patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Participants in the experimental group will be exposed to VR environments that recreate the city of Burgos as it appeared in the 1960s, an era corresponding to their youth. These VR experiences will include familiar scenes, landmarks, and culturally relevant settings designed to evoke personal memories and enhance cognitive engagement. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Cognitive Function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment - MoCA) | Change in cognitive function will be assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The MoCA evaluates multiple cognitive domains, including memory, attention, language, executive function, and visuospatial abilities. Total scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive function. The change score will be calculated as the post-intervention score minus the baseline score. | Baseline and immediately after the last virtual reality session |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in emotional well-being assessed with the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) | Change in emotional well-being will be assessed using the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). The SWLS is a 5-item scale that assesses global life satisfaction. Total scores range from 5 to 35, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with life and better emotional well-being. The change score will be calculated as the post-intervention score minus the baseline score. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Burgos | Burgos | Burgos | 09001 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25241481 | Background | Redmond LW. Spiritual coping tools of religious victims of childhood sexual abuse. J Pastoral Care Counsel. 2014 Mar-Jun;68(1-2):3. | |
| 30649091 | Background | Maggio MG, Latella D, Maresca G, Sciarrone F, Manuli A, Naro A, De Luca R, Calabro RS. Virtual Reality and Cognitive Rehabilitation in People With Stroke: An Overview. J Neurosci Nurs. 2019 Apr;51(2):101-105. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0000000000000423. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000544 | Alzheimer Disease |
| D008569 | Memory Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003704 | Dementia |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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This is a experimental design with non-equivalent groups (pretest-posttest) carried out in a more realistic setting, where the dependent variables of interest were manipulated by the researcher under controlled conditions.
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| Baseline and immediately after the last virtual reality session |
| Change in Verbal Fluency (Verbal Fluency Test) | Change in the number of words generated in a 60-second period, assessing language and cognitive processing speed. | Baseline and post-intervention. |
| Change in attention and processing speed | Attention, visual scanning, and processing speed will be assessed using the Trail Making Test Part A. The outcome will be the time required to complete the task. Lower completion times indicate better performance. | Baseline and immediately after the last virtual reality session |
| Change in executive function and cognitive flexibility assessed with the Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B) | Executive function and cognitive flexibility will be assessed using the Trail Making Test Part B. The outcome will be the time required to complete the task. Lower completion times indicate better performance. | Baseline and immediately after the last virtual reality session |
| Change in positive affect assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (PANAS-S) | Positive affect will be assessed using the positive affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (PANAS-S). Higher scores indicate greater positive affect. | Baseline and immediately after the last virtual reality session. |
| Change in negative affect assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (PANAS-S) | Negative affect will be assessed using the negative affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (PANAS-S). Higher scores indicate greater negative affect. | Baseline and immediately after the last virtual reality session |
| Immediate emotional response assessed with an Emotional Visual Analog Scale | Immediate emotional response will be assessed after each intervention session using an Emotional Visual Analog Scale ranging from 0 to 10, where higher scores indicate a more positive emotional state. | Baseline and immediately after the last virtual reality session |
| 38735202 | Background | Zhang J, Wu M, Li J, Song W, Lin X, Zhu L. Effects of virtual reality-based rehabilitation on cognitive function and mood in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024 Jul;87:105643. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105643. Epub 2024 May 9. |
| 25107931 | Background | Garcia-Betances RI, Jimenez-Mixco V, Arredondo MT, Cabrera-Umpierrez MF. Using virtual reality for cognitive training of the elderly. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2015 Feb;30(1):49-54. doi: 10.1177/1533317514545866. Epub 2014 Aug 7. |
| 34523392 | Background | Wang Z, Cao Y, Zhang K, Guo Z, Liu Y, Zhou P, Liu Z, Lu X. Gold nanoparticles alleviates the lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Bioengineered. 2021 Dec;12(1):6472-6483. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1972782. |
| D024801 |
| Tauopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |