Emergence delirium (ED), characterized by disorientation and altered cognitive behavior, is a common postoperative complication in pediatric surgery. It manifests as lack of eye contact with caregivers or parents, aimless kicking and screaming, and inability to be soothed. Auditory stimulation has been shown to reduce the incidence of ED and postoperative pain during emergence following general anesthesia in children. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different types of auditory interventions on the incidence of emergence delirium in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 3 and 7 years;
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification of I or II;
• Pediatric patients scheduled for elective tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy under sevoflurane general anesthesia.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Emergency surgery
• The child has developmental delays or neurological disorders, deafness, or hearing impairment
• The mother is deaf or absent
• The patient and family members declined to participate.

Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups (e.g., by coin toss or lottery draw) with a 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio between the experimental and control groups. Neither participants, caregivers, nor outcome assessors will be aware of the group assignment.