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The hypothesis of this study is that providing continuous binaural beats with a phase difference in alpha frequency during anesthesia can reduce the incidence of emergence agitation in pediatric patients. To test this hypothesis, the occurrence of emergence agitation will be compared between the group that received binaural beats and the group that did not receive binaural beats.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Binaural beats group | Experimental | Starting 30 minutes before the end of the surgery, a continuous pure tone binaural beat is delivered through headphones to the pediatric patient, with a frequency of 432 Hz in the left ear and 420 Hz in the right ear. |
|
| Silence group | No Intervention | The headphones are placed on the pediatric patient, but there is no sound in the audio file being played. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Binaural beats | Other | The binaural beat audio file consists of pure tones with a frequency of 432 Hz in the left ear and 420 Hz in the right ear. It is played through headphones starting 30 minutes before the end of the surgery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of emergence delirium in postanesthetic care unit (PACU) | within 1hr after the end of surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Paediatric Assessment of Emergence Delirium (PAED) score | within 1hr after the end of surgery (every 10 minutes, the score will be checked) | |
| Pain score (The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability score) | within 1hr after the end of surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ji-Hyun Lee, MD | Contact | 2-2072-3661 | +82 | muslab6@snu.ac.kr |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul National University Hospital | Seoul | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41646000 | Derived | Park JB, Lee JH, Kim YJ, Lee DJ, Seo JH. The Effect of Binaural Sound on the Occurrence of Emergence Delirium in Children Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Paediatr Anaesth. 2026 May;36(5):510-519. doi: 10.1002/pan.70137. Epub 2026 Feb 6. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000071257 | Emergence Delirium |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003693 | Delirium |
| D003221 | Confusion |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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| EEG analysis during emergence period | alpha, beta, gamma, delta, slow wave power and their ratio | Time from discontinuation of sevoflurane to entering to PACU (within 1hr after the end of surgery) |
| D009422 |
| Nervous System Diseases |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |