Non-Pharmacological Interventions

To ensure ethical fairness, the same intervention program will subsequently be provided to the waitlist control group after positive effects are confirmed in the intervention group.

6 components(social intercourse, cognitive interventions, physical activities interventions, rational diet, understanding and risk management of diseases, emotion management)

Using the Huashan version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) for assessment, it is mainly used to evaluate immediate recall, short-delay recall, long-delay recall, and other key components. The test includes 12 words belonging to three semantic categories (4 words per category). The testing procedure is as follows: The examiner reads out the 12 words in sequence, and the subject immediately recalls them. This process is repeated three consecutive times to form the immediate memory test. After an interval of 5 minutes, short-delay recall is conducted, and after 20 minutes, long-delay recall is implemented. The scoring rule is that each correctly recalled word earns 1 point. The immediate memory score is the sum of correct recalls from the first three trials (maximum score 36). This study records the scores for immediate recall, short-delay recall, and long-delay recall, with higher scores indicating better memory function.

The assessment uses the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Higher scores indicate better performance, with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 30.

The Shape Trail Test (STT) was used to assess executive function. The test consists of two parts: Part A requires participants to connect 25 numbers in ascending order; Part B involves 25 numbers presented within two different shapes. The scoring indicators are the time taken to complete STT-A and STT-B, with shorter completion times indicating better executive function.

The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) is used to assess the patient's attention. The subject is required to match the corresponding symbols to the numbers (1-9) as quickly as possible within 90 seconds. Each correctly filled symbol earns 1 point, and a reversed symbol earns 0.5 points. The maximum score for the test is 90.

The short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (Geriatric Depression Scale-15, GDS-15) is used for assessment. The total score ranges from 0 to 15, and the score is positively correlated with the severity of depression.