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Whether prophylactic antibiotics should be administered in the endoscopic secondary prevention of GVB or not is unclear. In this retrospective study, we are aimed to evaluate whether prophylactic antibiotics confer advantages in the endoscopic secondary prevention of cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal varices.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| No prophylactic antibiotics | No use of prophylactic antibiotics before endoscopic therapy |
| |
| Prophylactic antibiotics | Intravenous infusion of 2.0g ceftriaxone before endoscopic therapy |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No use of prophylactic antibiotics | Other | In the endoscopic secondary prevention of cirrhotic patients with gastroesophageal variceal bleeding, do not use any antibiotics before the endoscopic operation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Post-operative bacterial infection | Defined as one of the following conditions: (1) Bacteremia: presence of a positive blood culture without definite infectious focus. (2) Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count > 250/mm³ with a positive ascitic culture, or polymorphonuclear cell count > 500/mm³ when ascitic culture is negative. (3) Pulmonary infection: Confirmed by the presence of pneumonic patches or pleural effusion on pulmonary CT. (4) Urinary tract infection: Abnormal urinary sediment (>15 leukocytes/ high power field) with a positive urine culture. (5) Possible infection: Unexplained fever > 37.5°C lasting for more than 6 hours, combined with increased inflammatory index (White blood cell > 15, 000/mm3, Neutrophil percentage > 70%, or C-reactive protein > 10mg/L), but with negative blood cultures. | From the date of endoscopic operation (after the endoscopy) until the date of hospital discharge, assessed up to 7 days. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Three-month rebleeding | Presence of overt hemorrhage, including hematemesis, hematochezia, or melena, due to varices within 3 months following the endoscopic intervention. | Within 3 months since the endoscopic operation |
| Post-operative hospitalization days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Withdraw Criteria:（1）Transferred to other department for additional treatment after the endoscopic operation (Surgical department for malignant tumor, Interventional radiology department for splenic embolism or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, etc.). （2）Lost to follow-up
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Cirrhotic patients with a history of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding and were readmitted for elective endoscopic treatment.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine | Hangzhou | China |
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| Prophylactic Antibiotics | Drug | Intravenous infusion of 2.0g ceftriaxone before endoscopic therapy |
|
Hospital stay (days) after the endoscopic operation |
| From the date of endoscopic operation until the date of hospital discharge, assessed up to 7 days. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005355 | Fibrosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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