This retrospective longitudinal observational study evaluates mandibular radiomorphometric indices in patients rehabilitated with different implant-supported prosthetic restorations. Clinical and panoramic radiographic records of adult patients with dental implants were retrospectively reviewed. Mandibular index and mental index measurements were obtained from panoramic radiographs taken at baseline after prosthetic loading, 6 months after loading, and 1.5 years after loading. The study aims to assess changes in these radiomorphometric parameters over time and to determine whether patient-, implant-, and prosthesis-related factors are associated with mandibular cortical bone-related measurements.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged 18 years or older
• Patients with at least one osseointegrated dental implant restored with an implant-supported prosthetic restoration
• Availability of panoramic radiographs at baseline after prosthetic loading, 6 months after loading, and 1.5 years after loading
• Complete demographic, clinical, implant-related, prosthetic, and radiographic records

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with uncontrolled systemic disease
• Use of medications that may affect bone metabolism
• History of radiotherapy to the head and neck region
• Implant loss during the follow-up period
• Insufficient panoramic radiographic image quality for radiomorphometric measurements
• Incomplete clinical or radiographic records

The study population consisted of adult patients who received implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation at Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Dentistry and had complete clinical and panoramic radiographic records at baseline after prosthetic loading, 6 months after loading, and 1.5 years after loading.