Immediate Effects of Shock Wave Therapy With Stretching or Isometric Contraction on Upper Trapezius

The Immediate Effects of Simultaneous Application of Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Stretching or Isometric Contraction on Muscle Tone, Stiffness, Thickness, Pressure Pain Threshold, and Grip Strength of the Upper Trapezius

Excessive use of smart devices and prolonged sitting posture in modern daily life can lead to potential hypertonicity and functional impairment of the upper trapezius even in healthy individuals. Such conditions may cause functional changes and discomfort before the onset of pain, and early intervention may help prevent the progression to musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the immediate effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) applied simultaneously with stretching or isometric contraction on muscle tone, stiffness, thickness, pressure pain threshold, and grip strength of the upper trapezius in healthy adults.

Participants will be divided into two groups : rESWT + stretching and rESWT + isometric contraction. Immediate changes in the upper trapezius will be compared before and after the interventions. rESWT will be applied to the upper trapezius with 1.0 bar pressure, 10 Hz frequency, and 1000 shocks.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with no history of neck or shoulder pain in the past 6 months
• Individuals with no history of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders
• Individuals with a pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the upper trapezius ≥ 263 kPa

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with a history of neurological or orthopedic disorders
• Individuals taking medications that may affect ESWT response
• Individuals with local skin conditions, including ulcers or open wounds