Correlation Between the Clinical Presentation of Pulp and the Biological Mediators in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and the Inflamed Pulpal Tissue
Correlation Between the Clinical Presentation of Pulp and the Biological Mediators in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and the Inflamed Pulpal Tissue
The aim of the present study was to Correlate between the clinical presentation of pulp and the biological mediators in gingival crevicular fluid and the inflamed pulpal tissue.
Inclusion Criteria
Systemically healthy male and female individuals aged between 18 and 50 years
No physical or mental disabilities
No underlying systemic diseases
Mandibular permanent premolar teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with apical periodontitis
Mandibular permanent premolar teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis without apical periodontitis
Diagnosis based on the terminology of the American Association of Endodontists (2009)
Patients who provided written informed consent
Fully developed teeth with no previous pulp exposure
Positive response to cold testing
Positive response to electric pulp testing
Exclusion Criteria
Requirement for antibiotic prophylaxis
Diabetes or hematologic disorders
Use of anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, or antidepressants within the previous four weeks
Pregnancy at the time of treatment
Heavy plaque or calculus accumulation
Gingival redness and bleeding
Severe gingivitis or generalized periodontitis
Gingival pocket depths greater than 3 mm
Negative response to sensibility testing (cold test or electric pulp testing)
Presence of apical radiolucency (PAI > 2)
Previously initiated endodontic treatment
Internal or external root resorption
History of trauma
Severe calcific metamorphosis with obliterated root canal spaces on periapical radiographs
Vertical root fractures
Mobility greater than Grade I (Miller's mobility index)
Swelling or sinus tract associated with the treated tooth
Presence of periodontal-endodontic lesions
Teeth that could not be properly isolated with a dental dam
Collection of less than 10 µL of blood from each site
Conflicting clinical and radiographic findings preventing clear group assignment
No bleeding from one or more canal orifices (possible partial necrosis)