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Falls are common in patients with Parkinson disease and may lead to reduced mobility, fear of falling, loss of independence, and injury. Exercise-based rehabilitation programs may help improve balance, gait, and physical performance in this population.
This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effectiveness of two home-based exercise programs in patients with Parkinson disease: the Otago Exercise Program and a structured home exercise program. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups will receive exercise education and will perform their assigned home exercise program for 6 weeks.
Participants will be evaluated at baseline, at week 3, and at the end of week 6. The study will assess fall-related outcomes, freezing of gait, functional mobility, gait parameters, postural control, and physical performance. The results may help determine which home-based exercise approach is more effective for reducing fall risk and improving functional outcomes in patients with Parkinson disease.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Otago Home Exercise Program | Experimental | Participants in this arm will receive the Otago Home Exercise Program. The program includes home-based strengthening, static balance, and dynamic balance exercises designed to improve lower extremity muscle strength, balance, functional mobility, and fall-related outcomes. Participants will perform the exercises 3 times per week for 6 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes. The exercise program will be reviewed and progressed at week 3 according to the participant's functional status. |
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| Structured Home Exercise Program | Active Comparator | Participants in this arm will receive a structured home exercise program. The program includes spinal stabilization exercises and stretching and strengthening exercises targeting the ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles, quadriceps, lumbar extensor muscles, pectoral muscles, and hamstring muscles. Participants will perform the exercises 3 times per week for 6 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes. The exercise program will be reviewed and progressed at week 3 according to the participant's functional status. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Otago Home Exercise Program | Behavioral | nce exercises designed to improve lower extremity muscle strength, balance, functional mobility, and fall-related outcomes. Participants will perform the program 3 times per week for 6 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes. The program will be reviewed and progressed at week 3. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Falls Efficacy Scale | Fall-related self-efficacy and fear of falling will be assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale. The scale evaluates the participant's confidence in performing daily activities without falling. Scores range from 10 to 100, with lower scores indicating greater fear of falling and higher scores indicating lower fear of falling. | Baseline, week 3, and week 6 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) | Freezing of gait will be assessed using the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ). The FOGQ evaluates the severity of freezing episodes and their impact on walking performance in patients with Parkinson disease. The total score ranges from 0 to 24. Higher scores indicate more severe freezing of gait and worse walking performance. | Baseline, week 3, and week 6 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selim GÜNAY, Asst Prof | Contact | +90 539 462 8521 | mgselim1@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatay Mustafa Kemal University | Recruiting | Hatay | Antakya | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010300 | Parkinson Disease |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020734 | Parkinsonian Disorders |
| D001480 | Basal Ganglia Diseases |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
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rcise Program group or the structured home exercise program group. Both interventions will be delivered as home-based exercise programs for 6 weeks.
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| Structured Home Exercise Program | Behavioral | The structured home exercise program is a home-based exercise intervention including spinal stabilization exercises and stretching and strengthening exercises targeting the ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor muscles, quadriceps, lumbar extensor muscles, pectoral muscles, and hamstring muscles. Participants will perform the program 3 times per week for 6 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 40 minutes. The program will be reviewed and progressed at week 3. |
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| Gait Speed | Gait speed will be assessed using video-based kinematic analysis with Kinovea software. Walking speed will be calculated in meters per second from recorded walking trials. Higher gait speed indicates better walking performance. | Baseline, week 3, and week 6 |
| Timed Up and Go Test | r, walk a short distance, turn, walk back, and sit down. The time required to complete the test will be recorded in seconds, with longer times indicating poorer functional mobility. | Baseline, week 3, and week 6 |
| Functional Reach Test | The Functional Reach Test will be used to assess dynamic balance and postural control. The maximum distance the participant can reach forward while standing without losing balance will be recorded in centimeters. Greater reach distance indicates better functional balance. | Baseline, week 3, and week 6 |
| Sit-to-Stand Test | The sit-to-stand task will be used to assess functional lower extremity performance and postural control during transition from sitting to standing. The time required to complete the movement will be recorded in seconds using video-based analysis. | Baseline, week 3, and week 6 |
| Gait Initiation Time | Gait initiation time will be assessed using video-based kinematic analysis. The time from the auditory cue to the initiation of the first step will be recorded in seconds. Longer times indicate impaired gait initiation. | Baseline, week 3, and week 6 |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D000080874 | Synucleinopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |