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Prior studies have shown multifaceted falls prevention program with home-based exercise reduced falls significantly in the community setting. The Otago exercise program has been tested in four separated controlled trials of community living people in New Zealand. Falls were the main outcome in each trail and were defined as "unintentionally coming to rest on the ground, floor or other lower level". Not only this combination strengthening and balance training exercise could reduce fall but also could benefit in cost-effectiveness for fall prevention and decrease mortality in those 80 and older. However the limitation of Otago exercise program is that the program was needed to be trained by skill nurses or physical therapists. There are 17 steps levels to adhere the program. As some studies have shown that fall prevention program adherence could be as low as 10-40%. In Thailand the lack of medical staffs are continued the problem in the community. Therefore to establish fall prevention guideline that will be suitable and translated into the real setting, this study is aimed to test the effectiveness of simple program home-based exercise comparing to non-simple program home based exercise in preventing fall and improve muscle strength and balance dysfunction in older people with mild to moderate balance dysfunction. The method is the randomized controlled trails.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Home based exercise | Experimental | simple designed home based exercise program |
|
| fall prevention education and counseling | Active Comparator | fall prevention education & counseling : home modification, vision screening, avoid sedative drugs use, proper shoes, report dizziness and fall to doctors |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home based exercise | Behavioral | modified Otago exercise program to simple designed home based exercise program |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| number of falls | Number of falls were measured at baseline, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 1 year. At baseline, the participants will be interviewed the number of falls that occurred in the past 1 year period before enrollment. | 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| muscle strength | There are two Measurements as following:
| baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| fear of falling | Thai Falls efficacy scale-international (FES-I) | baseline and at 24 weeks. |
| Quality of life | The participants will be interviewed by using Thai EQ-5D questionaires. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Thai elderly aged 65 years or older
able to communicate and follow the home-based exercise programme
mild to moderate balance dysfunctions as followings:
non diagnosed with moderate to severe dementia or depression
non diagnosed with parkinson disease
non diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease with less than grade 4 hemiparesis.
non diagnosed with acute arthritis or recent diagnosed within 6 months.
informed and consent to participate in the study
not participate in regular Tai-chi or Yoga exercise training.
Exclusion criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Chitima Boongird, MD | Department of Family Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University | Bangkok | Bangkok | 10400 | Thailand |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21436159 | Background | Day L. The Otago strength and balance exercise programme lowers the risk of death and falls in the older people at 12 months. Evid Based Nurs. 2011 Jul;14(3):76-8. doi: 10.1136/ebn1157. Epub 2011 Mar 24. No abstract available. | |
| 21594001 | Background | Kuptniratsaikul V, Praditsuwan R, Assantachai P, Ploypetch T, Udompunturak S, Pooliam J. Effectiveness of simple balancing training program in elderly patients with history of frequent falls. Clin Interv Aging. 2011;6:111-7. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S17851. Epub 2011 May 6. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003376 | Counseling |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008605 | Mental Health Services |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D003153 | Community Health Services |
| D006296 | Health Services |
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| fall prevention education and counseling | Other |
|
| Balance | The participants will be tested their balances by using Short form of Berg Balance scale (7 items, 0-28 scores.) | Baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks |
| 1 year |
| 21979272 | Background | Yang XJ, Hill K, Moore K, Williams S, Dowson L, Borschmann K, Simpson JA, Dharmage SC. Effectiveness of a targeted exercise intervention in reversing older people's mild balance dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2012 Jan;92(1):24-37. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20100289. Epub 2011 Oct 6. |
| 9366737 | Background | Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Gardner MM, Norton RN, Tilyard MW, Buchner DM. Randomised controlled trial of a general practice programme of home based exercise to prevent falls in elderly women. BMJ. 1997 Oct 25;315(7115):1065-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7115.1065. |
| 19093923 | Background | Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Close JC. Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Dec;56(12):2234-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02014.x. |
| 22813920 | Background | Simek EM, McPhate L, Haines TP. Adherence to and efficacy of home exercise programs to prevent falls: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of exercise program characteristics. Prev Med. 2012 Oct;55(4):262-275. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.07.007. Epub 2012 Jul 17. |
| 22071817 | Background | Howe TE, Rochester L, Neil F, Skelton DA, Ballinger C. Exercise for improving balance in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;2011(11):CD004963. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004963.pub3. |
| 20817938 | Background | Thomas S, Mackintosh S, Halbert J. Does the 'Otago exercise programme' reduce mortality and falls in older adults?: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2010 Nov;39(6):681-7. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq102. Epub 2010 Sep 4. |
| 18089892 | Background | Gates S, Fisher JD, Cooke MW, Carter YH, Lamb SE. Multifactorial assessment and targeted intervention for preventing falls and injuries among older people in community and emergency care settings: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008 Jan 19;336(7636):130-3. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39412.525243.BE. Epub 2007 Dec 18. |
| 19370674 | Background | Gillespie LD, Robertson MC, Gillespie WJ, Lamb SE, Gates S, Cumming RG, Rowe BH. Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Apr 15;(2):CD007146. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007146.pub2. |
| 12130606 | Background | Day L, Fildes B, Gordon I, Fitzharris M, Flamer H, Lord S. Randomised factorial trial of falls prevention among older people living in their own homes. BMJ. 2002 Jul 20;325(7356):128. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7356.128. |
| 8201149 | Background | Fabacher D, Josephson K, Pietruszka F, Linderborn K, Morley JE, Rubenstein LZ. An in-home preventive assessment program for independent older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994 Jun;42(6):630-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06862.x. |
| 22926727 | Background | Kimman M, Vathesatogkit P, Woodward M, Tai ES, Thumboo J, Yamwong S, Ratanachaiwong W, Wee HL, Sritara P. Validity of the Thai EQ-5D in an occupational population in Thailand. Qual Life Res. 2013 Aug;22(6):1499-506. doi: 10.1007/s11136-012-0251-2. Epub 2012 Aug 25. |
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| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |