Gait and Cognitive Function in Relation to Foot Arch Structure in Older Adults

Relationship Between Foot Arch Structure, Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters, and Cognitive Function in Older Adults

This study aims to investigate the relationship between foot arch structure and spatiotemporal gait parameters and cognitive function in older adults. Foot arch integrity will be assessed using the Navicular Drop Test, and gait performance will be evaluated using the 10-Meter Walk Test. Cognitive-motor interaction will be examined through lower extremity reaction time using a light-based system. The study is designed as an observational cross-sectional analysis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 65 years or older
• Able to walk independently for at least 10 meters without assistive devices
• Able to understand study procedures and provide informed consent
• Having sufficient cognitive and physical capacity to comply with the assessment protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed neurological disorders affecting gait and motor control (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis)
• Diagnosed dementia or Alzheimer's disease, or Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score below 24
• Severe visual or hearing impairment that cannot be corrected and may affect reaction time testing
• History of major lower extremity or spinal surgery within the last 6 months Severe musculoskeletal conditions affecting gait (e.g., advanced osteoarthritis, severe pain, active inflammation, open wounds, or recent fractures in the lower extremity)
• Presence of severe balance disorders (e.g., vertigo)