The purpose of this study aims to explore the surplus effect of arch support insole to a cognicise training program on lower-extremity function in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this randomized controlled intervention study, we will recruit 40 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥55 years with MCI. Experimental group (n=20) will receive cognicise training program with insole intervention (6 hours/day), while the control group (n=20) only undergo cognicise training. A 1-h training session will be given three times a week for 12 weeks for both groups. The outcomes include static standing balance, functional reach test, timed-up-and-go test, 10-m obstacle crossing, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and gait assessment during single- and dual-task walking for 20 m at self-selected comfortable pace while performing serial subtractions (cognitive interference) or carrying a tray (motor interference). The results of the current study are expected to provide evidences in supporting the use of arch support insole among community-dwelling older adults with MCI. Interventions combing physical-cognitive training and insole for providing mechanical stability and somatosensory stimulation may serve as potential strategies for fall prevention.

Inclusion Criteria:

• (1) aged 55 years and over; (2) able to walk more than 20 m without walking aids; (3) had a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score lower than 26 ; (4) had self-reported memory complaints; and (5) had the ability to perform ADLs.

Exclusion Criteria:

• (1) dementia; (2) a history of malignant tumors ; (3) the presence of an unstable neurological or orthopedic disease, or visual problems interfering with participation in the study; and (4) an education level less than 6 years (elementary school).