The computerized cognitive training will take place at each participant's residence. Participants will be asked to practice at least 1 session a day for 6 months, and a session lasts for 60 minutes.

This exercise will comprise stretching, muscle strengthening, and balance training at increasing difficulty levels, tailored and supervised by a physical therapist, and will take place at a subject's residence or in the neighborhood once a week for 6 months.

Each session will last 60 min.

The 8-form Yang-style tai chi intervention will take place at a subject's residence or the neighborhood once a week for 6 months, and each session will last for 60 minutes.

Immediately after the baseline assessment, the care manager will visit the subject in this group once for comparability with the other two intervention groups.

Each session will last 60 min, consisting of 10 min of warm-up, 45 min of exercise, and a 5-min cool-down.

The Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS) contains five cognitive domains of attention, initiation/perseveration, construction, conceptualization, and memory, which specifically assess concentration, verbal fluency, visuospatial skills, analogical reasoning, and short-term memory, with score ranges for these domains of 0~37, 0~37, 0~6, 0~39, and 0~25 points, respectively, and a total score range of 0~144 points.

The modified Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS-M) consists of the date of the interview, age, phone number, immediate and delayed word list recall, counting backward, responsive naming, word opposites, and repetition, with a total score range of 0~50.

The timed up and go test requires subjects to rise from a standard chair, walk a distance of 3 m, turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down. The time to complete the timed up and go will be recorded.

The Tinetti balance score ranges 0~26, with a higher score indicating a better balance ability.

number of falls and multiple falls

Depressive symptoms will be assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale.

Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale assesses an individual's confidence in performing 16 common daily tasks without losing balance, and total scores of the ABC scale are determined by the accumulated average of each item score and range between 0 and 100, with lower scores indicating greater balance confidence.