The scale, whose validity and reliability were examined in the study, consists of 26 items. The study sample consisted of 202 individuals with diabetes. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, with approximately 30 minutes allocated to each individual. The study sample included individuals over 18 years of age, diagnosed with diabetes, who spoke, read, and wrote Turkish, and who provided verbal and written consent to participate in the study. Individuals with serious psychiatric diagnoses, cognitive problems that would impede self-expression, and those who wished to withdraw from the study at any stage were excluded from the study sample.

The scale, whose validity and reliability were examined in the study, consists of 26 items. The study sample consisted of 202 individuals with diabetes. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, with approximately 30 minutes allocated to each individual. The study sample included individuals over 18 years of age, diagnosed with diabetes, who spoke, read, and wrote Turkish, and who provided verbal and written consent to participate in the study. Individuals with serious psychiatric diagnoses, cognitive problems that would impede self-expression, and those who wished to withdraw from the study at any stage were excluded from the study sample.

Inclusion Criteria:

• speaking Turkish
• over 18 years old
• Not having a serious psychiatric diagnosis
• Giving written consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• severe visual or auditory problems
• who did not volunteer to participate in the study

The study sample consisted of 202 individuals with diabetes.