Effects of Combined Ciaphragmatic Breathing and Trunk Stabilization in Chronic Low Back Pain

The Effects of Combined Diaphragmatic Breathing and Trunk Stabilization Exercises on Pain, Function and Muscle Activity in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined diaphragmatic breathing and trunk stabilization exercises on pain, function, and muscle activity in patients with chronic low back pain, and to compare its clinical effectiveness with trunk stabilization exercise alone.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with low back pain lasting at least 3 months (12 weeks)
• Individuals with a pain intensity of 3 or higher on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
• Individuals who are physically capable of performing trunk stabilization and diaphragmatic breathing exercises

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with neurological or musculoskeletal disorders
• Pregnant individuals
• Individuals with fractures or deformities of the spine or related areas
• Individuals with sensory deficits
• Individuals who engaged in activities that could affect the study results (e.g., medication use, alcohol consumption, or excessive exercise) within 24 hours prior to participation